Thermal Energy & Energy Transfer. Kinetic-Molecular Theory in a hot body, the particles move faster, and thus have a higher energy than particles in a.

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Presentation transcript:

Thermal Energy & Energy Transfer

Kinetic-Molecular Theory in a hot body, the particles move faster, and thus have a higher energy than particles in a cooler body.

Temperature & Thermal Energy Thermal energy: the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the internal motion of particles that make up a object. Temperature is the relative measure of the average thermal energy of the particles.

Thermal Energy is made up of three kinds Vibrational - vibrational energy in bonds Rotational - energy involved in the rotation of the particles Translational - movement of particles from one point to another

Temperature does NOT measure heat energy! Solid Liquid Gas Heat Energy Temperature

Which one has more heat? 60 degrees C

Temperature does NOT depend on the number of particles.  Thermal energy in an object is proportional to the number of particles, but temperature is not.

Thermal Energy Transfer Conduction: transfer of kinetic energy when particles of an object collide Convection: transfer of energy by the movement of fluids Radiation: transfer of electromagnetic energy

Thermal Equilibrium The rate at which energy flows from one object to another is equal.

Thermometer measures the temperature of an object with which it is in thermal equilibrium.

When all thermal energy is transferred out of an object, it reaches absolute zero.

Kelvin Temperature Scale 1)Absolute zero = 0 K 2) K = 0 ˚C

Heat (Q) is the energy that flows as a result of a difference in temperature.

Specific Heat Specific Heat (C) of a material is the amount of energy that must be added to raise the temperature one kelvin of one kilogram.

C (water)= 4180 J / kgK

Use specific heat to calculate heat lost/gained by an object through its temperature changes and mass.

Q = mC  T where Q is heat m is mass of the object, C is the specific heat  T is the change in temperature

Heat of Fusion & Vaporization The heat required to melt one kilogram of a substance is the heat of fusion. Q = mH f The heat required to vaporize from a liquid one kilogram of a substance is the heat of vaporization. Q = mH v

Calorimeter a device used to measure changes in thermal energy.

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