Explain temperature and how it is measured. Understand that heat, temperature, and thermal energy are all different but related. Distinguish between and explain the 3 different ways that heat can be transferred.

What Determines the Temperature of an Object? You may have used a thermometer to take your temperature when you were sick. Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is compared to a reference point. In science, temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.

KINETIC ENERGY All moving objects have kinetic energy (energy of motion). As an object heats up, its particles move faster. As a result, its kinetic energy and its temperature increases. As an object cools off, its particles move more slowly. As a result, its kinetic energy and temperature decreases.

Think of it like this: If you are running, you are moving quickly (you have a high kinetic energy) and you feel very warm (your temperature goes up) If you are very cold, however, you start to shiver. Why would shivering, or moving around help you to stay warm?

Different Thermometers and Scales At absolute zero, it is the lowest temperature possible. Particles have NO kinetic energy. Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit

Which has more kinetic energy? Which has a higher temperature?

what is thermal energy? Different objects at the same temperature can have different amounts of energy. To understand this, you need to know about thermal energy and about heat. Temperature, thermal energy, and heat are closely related, but they are NOT the same thing. Temperature is a measure of the average KINETIC energy of the particles in an object. However, it is NOT measure of the total amount of energy in an object...

what is thermal energy? Thermal energy is the total energy of all the particles in an object. It depends on the temperature of an object, the number of particles in it, and how those particles are arranged. # of particles: More particles = more thermal energy Temperature: Higher temperature = more thermal energy Arrangement of particles:

Think of it this way... How badly will it burn? You can think of thermal energy as the capacity to burn. In other words, lots of thermal energy will create a more serious burn than a little thermal energy. Why would spilling a whole pan of boiling water on yourself hurt more than a teaspoonful? Which will hurt more? Boiling water or lukewarm?

Heat You might say that an object contains heat, but scientifically speaking it actually does not. It contains thermal energy. HEAT is the transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler one. If you touched a hot pan, thermal energy would be leaving the pan and entering your hand, making it hot.

heat Examples of the scientific meaning of heat: -Heat is transferred from hot soup to the cooler air around it -When you hold your hand over a plate of warm food, heat is transferred from it to your hand -When you reach for ice cream in the freezer, heat leaves your hand and enters the freezer, making your hand feel cold. -When you walk on cold tile floor, heat is transferred from your feet to the tile. ***What is sensed as "cold" is actually the loss of thermal energy.

How is Heat Transferred? Heat is transferring around you all the time. If it wasn't, nothing would ever change temperature. Heat doesn't just transfer randomly. It travels only in ONE direction (moves from a warmer object to a cooler object), and by THREE different methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.

Conduction Transfers heat between two objects that are touching. The fast moving particles in the oven collide with the slow-moving particles in a frozen pizza.This causes the pizza's particles to move faster, making the pizza hotter. A metal object placed into a heat source. The heat will conduct through the metal rod.

COnvection Convection is a type of heat transfer that occurs only in fluids, such as water and air. Fluid is heated, rises, and is replaced with a cooler fluid. This flow creates a circular motion known as a convection current. These cause wind and weather changes.

Radiation It is only type of heat transfer that you can feel without touching the source. It is heat transfer through electromagnetic waves. It is the heat you feel from the sun, coming off of the hot pavement, steam from a boiling pot of water, or warming your hands above a fire.