Animal Responses and Behaviors for Survival

Video: Adapting to Changes in Nature Concepts in Nature: Adapting to Changes in Nature Name______ What is the big change must animals prepare for everyday? What are some ways that birds adapt to change? What is another change that animals have to prepare for? What is dormant? How do animals prepare for hibernation? What are some animals that migrate? What are some other ways that animals prepare for winter? What are things that affect habitats? What is an animal adapts well to changes? What happens to an animal that cannot adapt to change? Why are adaptations happening more often today? What are some examples of animals that are changing due to humans?

Internal Stimuli - Cues that ensure animal survival

1. Hunger – food is needed for energy to survive 2. Thirst - water is needed since animal bodies are mostly made of water 3. Sleep - required to restore the body’s ability to function

Physical Responses to Environmental Changes

Endothermic (Warm Blooded) animals like birds and mammals maintain a constant body temperature and don’t change with the temperature of the environment

When the temperature is cold endothermic animals can shiver. Shivering- The body increases the rate at which energy is transformed into heat

When the temperature is hot endothermic animals can sweat, pant, change position, and change location. Sweating and panting generate heat loss through evaporating water.

Shedding – Cold weather- form a thick coat of fur or feathers to insulate their bodies – Hot weather- animals will shed this extra covering

Changing position and location allow the animal to find a cooler environment in the shade or shelter.

These animals must eat more often since it takes energy to maintain a constant body temperature

Ectothermic (Cold Blooded) animals like fish, amphibians, and reptiles - change with the temperature of environment) They must gain heat to perform internal activities (ex. Digestion)

In the cold, ectothermic animals become slow and sluggish. Animals must bask in the sun or move to a warmer area

If the temperature is hot, animals will need to move to a cooler area or burrow in the ground

These animals don’t have to use food energy to keep warm, so they don’t have to eat as often.

Seasonal & Storms 1.Blinking - Protects the eye from injury from foreign objects 2.Gathering & Storing food – squirrels, mice, beavers 3.Storing nutrition in the form of fat – penguins, walruses, bears, ants, chipmunks overeat and reduce activity 4.Food gathering qfsghttps:// qfsg endo/ectothermic zeJ0https:// zeJ0 endo/ectothermic 6XFw

Ectothermic Adaptions Activity Homework: Finish Activity Animal Instincts video

Behavior in Animals An activity or action which helps an organism survive in response to a change in the environment

Learned Behaviors Animal behaviors that result from direct observations or experiences

1. Imprinting Newborn animals recognize and follow the first moving object that they see. Usually this is the mother. Imprinting behavior cannot be reversed.

2. Conditioning Trial-and-error learning Animals learn that a particular stimulus and its response will lead to a good or bad results Chimpanzees use sticks to dig for insects

Inherited Behaviors (Instincts) Behaviors that are passed from the parent to the offspring. These behaviors are with the animal from birth.

Examples of Inherited Behaviors Snail digs a hole to lay its eggs. A bird builds a special kind of nest. A fiddler crab waves its claw to attract a female. Whales and fish swim. Babies crying when hungry or sleepy.

Animal Behavioral Responses to Environmental Stimuli

1. Hibernation State of reduced body activity to conserve food stored in the body for part or all the winter. The animal’s body temperature drops, its heartbeat and breathing slow down, and it uses very little energy. Ex.-ants, snakes, black bears, beavers, ground squirrels

2. Migration The movement of animals from one place to another in response to seasonal changes following the same route each year to find food. The cycle is controlled by changes in the amount of daylight and the weather. Examples of animals- butterflies, orcas, caribou, ducks

3. Courtship Process where adults of a species try to attract a potential mate. Seasonal changes will stimulate courtship Courtship attractants are sensory cues such as chemical odors, sounds, or colors

4. Defenses Camouflage – some change in response to weather (artic fox, snowshoe hare) or to blend into environment (chameleon, lizard)

Smells - Offensive odor in response to fear (Skunk) Stingers – used for protection when threatened (bees, wasps)

Ejection – Octopus gives off black ink cloud or horned lizard shoots blood out of its eyes allowing it to escape. Mimicry – A weaker animal copies a stronger animal’s characteristics to warn off predators. (King snake has colors of coral snake, Moths have markings the look like eyes, Flower flies resemble wasps that have a powerful sting)

Grouping - Certain animals travel together in groups to protect individuals within the group – herds (buffalo, zebra, cattle), packs (wolves), schools of fish

Homework: Patterns of Behavior & Why Do Animals Behave as They Do?

Inherited or Learned Traits Write an I (Inherited) or L (Learned) in each box to identify type of behavior

Animal Responses and Behaviors Book