2.3: Compare the economic development in different regions (the South, the North, and the West) of the United States during the early 19 th century, including ways that economic policies contributed to political controversies

 Economic differences caused regions to develop differently Different social values Different political interests  Differences led to political conflict and eventually war

 North Safe Harbors Fast Flowing Rivers  South Fertile Land for Cash Crops  West Fertile, Cheap Land Mineral Deposits

 North Finance and Industry Shipping and Trade Urban Centers Immigrants to work in Factories  South Plantation Economies Rural Cash Crops Slave labor on Plantations  West Cheap, Fertile Land for immigrants and poor Rich mineral deposits (Silver and Gold) Relied on families, immigrants, and some slaves

 North Importance of public education to assimilate Irish and German immigrants  South Education not as valued, slave education outlawed and no public education for whites

 National Bank South and West opposed the Bank because they feared it gave too much power to wealthy Northerners  Preferred State Banks that would offer cheap loans Northerners supported the Bank because it put economic power into the hands of wealthy merchants

 Protective Tariff Northerners supported the tariff as a means of protecting the North’s young industries from foreign competition West accepted the tariff in exchange for internal improvements (roads and canals) and cheap land South opposed the tariff because it raised prices

 Clay’s American System Political alliance between North and West that exchanged support for the tariff for promised internal improvements in the West Erie Canal was completed to increase the economic and political connection between the West and the North South opposed the American System because it isolated the region both politically and economically

 Expansion of Slavery South supported the extension of slavery into the West North opposed the extension of slavery Westerners were divided on the matter Missouri Compromise: No slavery north of 36’30 Biggest sectionalist debate of the era

NORTHSOUTHWEST Economic Social Political

NORTHSOUTHWEST EconomicIndustry Finance Shipping Agriculture Plantations Cash Crops Cheap Land Agriculture Mining SocialEducation Immigrants No Education Slavery Immigrants Poor Families Some Slaves Very little Education PoliticalPro-Tariff Pro-Bank Pro-Improvements Anti-Slavery Anti-Tariff Anti-Bank Anti-Improvements Pro-Slavery Pro-Tariff Anti-Bank Pro-Improvements Mixed on Slavery