Judaism Notes

Judaism Section 1 Notes

Judaism Section 1 Vocabulary Terms Judaism- the religion of the Hebrews Abraham- the biblical father of the Hebrew people Moses- Hebrew leader who led the Israelites from slavery in Egypt Exodus- the journey the Israelites made from Egypt to Canaan, led by Moses

Ten Commandments- moral code of laws that God handed down to Moses YHWH (Yah-weh)- The Hebrew name for God. David- former outlaw who became king after the death of Saul, Israel’s first king Diaspora- the dispersal (spreading) of the Jews outside of Canaan

ABRAHAM AND MOSES LEAD THEIR PEOPLE A.The Hebrews appeared in Southwest Asia sometime between 2000 and 1500 BC. Their writings describe the laws of their religion, Judaism B.The Hebrew Bible, or Torah, traces the Hebrews back to a man named Abraham. C.The Hebrew Bible says that God told Abraham to leave his home in Ur, Mesopotamia. God promised to lead him to a new land and to make his children into a mighty nation. D.Abraham moved the Hebrews to Canaan. The Hebrews lived there for many years.

Where in the world is the promised land?

Map of Hebrew Migration

CFU Circle/highlight the name in your notes of the group of people that appeared in Southwest Asia around 200 and 1500 BC. Underline/highlight the promise that God made to Abraham. Where did Abraham move the Hebrews to?

Moses and the Exodus A. Some of Abraham's descendants, the Israelites, later moved to Egypt due to a famine. In time Egypt’s ruler, the pharaoh, made them slaves. In the 1200s BC, God then told a man named Moses to demand the Israelites' freedom. B. Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt in a journey called the Exodus. The pharaoh agreed only after a series of plagues struck Egypt.

C. The Bible says that during this journey, God gave Moses two stone tablets with laws written on them, known as the Ten Commandments. (Mt. Sinai) The Israelites were to worship only God and to value human life, self-control, and justice. The Israelites reached Canaan after 40 years.

Exodus

CFU Underline/highlight the information in your notes that explains why the Israelites left the promised land and moved to Egypt? Highlight/circle the information in your notes that explains how Moses was an important Israelite leader?

KINGS UNITE THE ISRAELITES A.A man named Saul fought the Philistines and became the first king of Israel. B.After Saul died a former outlaw named David became king. C.David defeated the Philistines and captured the city of Jerusalem. It became Israel’s new capital. D.David’s son Solomon became king next around 965 BC. He built a great temple in Jerusalem. Solomon is known for his wisdom an for bringing wealth through trade.

CFU Circle the names of the first three kings of Israel. Which king built a temple to God? Explain how Jerusalem became Israel’s new capital city.

INVADERS CONQUER AND RULE A. Soon after Solomon’s death, Israel split into two kingdoms, Israel and Judah. B. The people of Judah were known as Jews. Over the centuries the Jewish people were often conquered and enslaved. C. The dispersal of the Jews outside of Canaan is known as the Diaspora. Jerusalem was conquered by the Greeks during the 330s BC. Judah regained independence for a time, but was conquered again in 63 BC, this time by the Romans.

Jewish Kingdoms and Diaspora

CFU Circle the names of the two kingdoms that formed after Israel split. Underline/highlight the information in your notes that explains what the term Diaspora means.

Section 2 Notes

Judaism Section 2 Vocabulary monotheism- belief in only one god Torah- the sacred text of Judaism synagogue- Jewish house of worship prophets- people said to receive messages from God to be taught to others Dead Sea Scrolls- writings by Jews who lived about 2,000 years ago

Vocabulary Pictures Draw a picture that represents each of the vocabulary terms in the boxes at the bottom of the page.

JEWISH BELIEFS/Holidays JEWISH TEXTS

Jewish beliefs Judaism’s main beliefs are beliefs in God, education, justice, and obedience. Jewish religious teachers are called rabbis. Judaism is the oldest known religion to practice monotheism, the belief in only one God. The Hebrew name for God is YHWH. Every synagogue, or place of Jewish worship, has at least one Torah. Believe that prophets like Abraham and Moses received messages directly from God.

Synagogue

Rabbis

Moses and Abraham= Prophets

CFU Name and explain 3 Jewish beliefs from your diagram.

Jewish Texts *Besides the Ten Commandments, Jews believe that Moses recorded a whole set of laws governing Jewish behavior. These laws are called Mosaic law followed by Orthodox Jews. *The most important Hebrew text is the Torah. The five books of the Torah record most of the laws and the history of Judaism until the death of Moses.

Jewish Texts continued The Talmud is a collection of commentaries, folktales, and stories written by scholars. These are intended to help people understand and analyze the laws described in the Hebrew Bible. *The Dead Sea Scrolls helped historians learn about the lives of the ancient Jews.

CFU Highlight/underline 3 Jewish Texts on your diagram.

Jewish Holidays 1.Hanukkah- Celebrated in December for 8 days. They light candles on a menorah. 2.Passover- a time for the Jews to remember the Exodus. 3.High Holy Days- 2 most sacred of all Jewish Holidays.

CFU Why do Jews celebrate Hanukkah? Why do Jews celebrate Passover?