Transportation in Early Minnesota The New England Schoolteacher A school for St. Paul Strong Feelings People are People Three Branches of Government Minnesota Becomes a Territory - Requirements for becoming a US Territory Turning Point Treaties for Land in Northern Minnesota One Swedish Immigrant The First Winter in Minnesota Building a Home Attracting Newcomers A Community Grows Statehood for Minnesota – Requirements for Becoming a State Same name different powers Understanding Federalism Writing Home, Writing Minnesota

Page 125 Land changed because of 1850s treaties Population of MN becomes more European American Stories of Immigrants St. Paul teacher Swedish immigrant

Steamboat – a boat powered by steam engines; the main transportation for newcomers moving to MN U.S. Congress – the group of people who make laws for the US. It has elected members from all states/territories. It is divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives Governor – the head of the executive brand in a state/territory State – a geographic area with boundaries, residents, and a govt Immigrant – a person who comes into a country to live there Recruiter – somebody who encourages new people to join a group or take action Constitution – a written document outlining how the govt is organized Federalism – a system of govt in which power is divided

How did the population change? Describe the first formal classroom in St. Paul What are the three branches of the US and MN Govt? How did the treaties in 1854 and 1855 impact the Ojibwe? How did the newcomers who arrived in the 1850s affect MN? What are advantages to statehood?

Until 1850 most people living in MN were Dakota & Ojibwe Early 1850s, 31,000 American Indians living in MN territory Before 1851, 6,000 European Americans living in MN 1854 – 30,000 European Americans 1857 – 150,000 European Americans MN was one of the most popular destination in the Westward Expansion

THIEVES read page 126

Harriet Bishop She grew up in Vermont Trained to be teacher, but teaching jobs were hard to find on the East Coast Bishop was hired to teach in St. Paul in 1847 St. Paul in 1847 Log huts Streets bumpy and muddy Population – a few hundred with a dozen or so families with children

First School house Old blacksmith’s shop Small dirty windows Rats/snakes Bishop cleaned it up, put evergreen branches on walls 3 days after arriving in St. Paul – opened the schoolhouse 9 students – 2 spoke English Other languages spoken – French, Dakota, German, Ojibwe One student spoke 3 languages became translator

Started St. Paul’s first Sunday school Organized group that wanted to make alcohol illegal Raised money for community projects to help “civilize” the people

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Legislative – make Laws Congress - Senate & House of Representatives Executive – enforces laws President Judicial – interprets laws Supreme Court

Requirements to become territory Meeting the Requirement in MN Population of 5,000 adults MN had population of 4,535 Elect a nonvoting representative to US Congress Henry Sibley elected as representative US Congress must pass law creating territory March 3, 1849 MN becomes territory. US president appointed Ramsey as governor

From 1854 to 1860s Ojibwe signed treaties that Gave them reservations Annuity payment Again money went to fur traders first US government not always honest

By 1852 settlers started to pour into MN They came to own on land (land = wealth and power) Most were from New England and Europe

Relatives wrote letters describing the MN land Beautiful Clean Fresh air Good farmland Recruiters exaggerated: Disease free because of cold weather

Hans Mattson settled in MN in 1853 From small farm in Sweden At 17 he left Sweden and came to US and worked to save money to buy land in the west Wrote letters back to Sweden – parents, sister and brother-in-law moved to US Claimed land 12 miles west of Red Wing Wrote about the harsh winters (page 134)

Thieves read page 135

Mattson wrote series of letters published in newspaper Encouraged others to come Summer of 1855 many joined and formed Vasa Other settlers Norwegians – land and job scarce Ireland – terrible famine – starvation Germans – fleeing wars Settled along rivers Spoke own language See map page 136

More independent Control money and budget Deal with private companies – RR companies More representatives in US Congress

Needs this before it can become a state Written document that states how the government is organized Set state boundaries Grant the right to vote to free white male citizens Divided state power into 3 branches Legislative Executive Judicial

Federal RequirementMeeting the requirements US Congress must pass a law allowing a territory to become a state 1857, Congress passed a law allowing MN to proceed towards statehood A group of residents must write the state constitution MN’s constitution was approved in 1857 Voters must approve the constitution and elect govt officials MN approved the constitution by a vote of 30,055 to 571. Elected Henry Sibley as governor Congress must pass a law admitting the state into the Union Congress admitted MN into the union as 32 nd state in 1858