Maarten Vissers Technical Director EU R&D Centre 2009-02-10 Ethernet services supporting transport networks, their standardisation and future development Maarten Vissers Technical Director EU R&D Centre

Contents Services and Network Evolution Ethernet Services 802.3 Ethernet User to Network Interfaces (UNI) Ethernet Private Line Services Ethernet Private LAN, Tree Services Ethernet Virtual Private Line, LAN, Tree Services Packet Transport Network Standardization Optical Transport Network Evolution Page 2

Services and Network Evolution 2009-02-10 Services and Network Evolution

Services and Networks Three main network types “Layer 1”  optical transport network “Layer 2”  packet transport network “Layer 3”  public services network Each network provides “Services” “Layer 1”  high rate bitstream and framestream services, long holding times “Layer 2”  medium rate packet/frame and bitstream services, long holding times “Layer 3”  low rate packet and bitstream services, short holding times (for voice, data, video) Each network must provide world wide connectivity Scalable network designs by means of aggregation and partitioning Page 4

L1, L2, L3 stack L3 Services Network L3 Service Instance L3 Subscribers & Content Providers p2p,p2mp,mp2mp connectivity services & content services L2 Customers p2p,p2mp, mp2mp,rmp connectivity services L1 Customers p2p,p2mp mp2mp, rmp connectivity services L3 Services Network VoIP HSI VoD B-/TS-TV L3 Service Instance L3 Tunnel Instance L2 Packet Transport Network L2 Service Instance L2 Tunnel Instance L1 Optical Network L1 Service Instance L1 Tunnel Instance L3 L2 L1 Transmission Media [L1,L2,L3] Section Physical Media (G.703, G.707, G.709, 802.3) Page 5

L1, L2 Network Layer Stacks SDH OTN Ethernet MPLS-TP LO VC LO ODU Eth VLAN Channel (EVC) EVC & (opt) PW HO VC HO ODU Eth VLAN Path (EVP) LSP Section (MS, RS) Section (OMS, OTS) Eth VLAN Section (EVS) Section Opt/Elec. Section OTS ETY, OTN ETY, SDH, OTN Services Transport Functional Group Path Layer Network Path Layer Network (1) Path Layer Network (2) Transmission Media Layer Network Section Layer Network PHY Media Layer Network Page 6

L1, L2 Carrier Network Architecture access, metro, core domains service, tunnel, link layers Service switching points Tunnel switching points service layer terminating nodes Network Termination Unit, Multi Tenant Unit, Metro Edge service layer switching nodes Metro Edge, Metro Core, Inter- carrier GateWay tunnel layer switching nodes Metro Aggregate, Outer Core, Inner Core OC IC MC MA ME NTU MTU IGW Metro a Sub-Network Core Sub-Network Metro b Sub-Network Metro c Sub-Network Metro e Sub-Network Metro d Sub-Network Metro f Sub-Network Access Carrier Network Tunnel layer Tunnel layer Service layer Page 7 Page 7 7 7

L1, L2 Carrier-Carrier Services SDH: LO VC11/12  HO VC3 (“LO VC3”)  HO VC4 Just one case, not generically available OTN: LO ODU0/1/2/2e  HO ODU1/2/3 (“LO ODU1/2/3”)  HO ODU2/3/4 Generic capability ETH: EVC  EVP (“EVC”)  EVP  EVS Services Transport Functional Group Carrier A Path Layer Network Services LO VC | LO ODU | EVC Transport Functional Group Carrier B Path Layer Network HO VC3 | HO ODU | EVP LO VC | LO ODU | EVC “LO VC | LO ODU | EVC” HO VC4 | HO ODU | EVP Transmission Media Layer Network (M/R)Sn | O(M/T)Sn | EVS Transmission Media Layer Network OSn | OTSn | ETY (M/R)Sn | O(M/T)Sn | EVS OSn | OTSn | ETY Page 8

Services Evolution In 20th century (’80s/’90s) main Services were Layer 3: voice and fax Layer 1: E1/T1 In next decade the main Services will be Layer 3: voice, data, video Layer 2: Ethernet VLAN, E1/T1 Layer 1: 1GE Significant increase of average/peak service rates in all “Layers” Page 9

Per Subscriber Broadband Service Rates Evolution PHASE 1 voice, data NGN PHASE 2 + DATA Voice Mean: ~10 bit/s Peak: ~100 kbit/s Data Mean: ~100 kbit/s Peak: ~3 Mbit/s Excellent Packet based Statistical Multiplexing voice, data, video NGN+ PHASE 3 + IPTV Voice Mean: ~20 bit/s Peak: ~100 kbit/s Data Mean: ~100 kbit/s Peak: ~50 Mbit/s Video Mean: ~16 Mbit/s Peak: ~24 Mbit/s Poor Statistical Multiplexing; everybody watches TV between 8 – 10 pm voice PSTN Voice Mean: ~3 bit/s Peak: 64 kbit/s Excellent Circuit based Statistical Multiplexing Page 10

Network Evolution In 20th century (’80s/’90s) main networks were Layer 3: PSTN, 2G Layer 1: SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy) Fibers carry Mbit/s and Gbit/s In next decade the main networks will be Layer 3: NGN, 4G Layer 2: PTN (packet transport network, ethernet vlan & mpls-tp based) Layer 1: OTN (optical transport network) Fibers will carry Gbit/s and Tbit/s Complete rebuild of access, metro and core networks ongoing Page 11

Services Aggregation Network Evolution PHASE 1 voice,data NGN,2.5G/3G S-VLAN PTN 1/10GE WDM/OTN FE/1GE SDH PHASE 2 + DATA More and more subscribers using this phase STM-N E1/T1 + Variable Bit Rate Connections Medium Speed Variable Rate OTN voice,data,video NGN+,4G S-VLAN PTN 1GE 1/10/40GE PHASE 3 + IPTV Few operators preparing for this phase + Gb/s Flex Bit Rate Connections Constant Rate High Speed voice PSTN,2G Constant Rate Low Speed E1/T1 t r a n s p o r t SDH STM-N WDM Fewer and fewer subscribers using this phase Page 12

2009-02-10 Ethernet Services 802.1Q VLAN frame stream 802.3 bit or codeword stream

Ethernet Services 2-port point-to-point n-port multipoint (n>2) Ethernet Private Line (EPL) Type 1 Ethernet Private Line (EPL) Type 2 Ethernet Private Line (EPL) Type 3 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) Type 1 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) Type 2 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) Type 3 n-port multipoint (n>2) Ethernet Private LAN (EPLAN) Ethernet Private Tree (EPT) Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVPLAN) Ethernet Virtual Private Tree (EVPT) new Page 14

Ethernet Services Characteristics Data Transparency Bit Timing Transparency Bandwidth Guarantee UNI Bandwidth EPL TYPE 1 802.1Q VLAN FRAME No CIR/CBS Dedicated EPL TYPE 2 802.3 CODEWORD CIR = PHY rate EPL TYPE 3 802.3 BITSTREAM or CODEWORD Yes EVPL TYPE 1 Shared EVPL TYPE 2 CIR/CBS1, EIR/EBS EVPL TYPE 3 EPLAN EVPLAN TBD EPT EVPT 1) Best Effort service: CIR=0, Premium service: CIR>0  requires Traffic Engineering Page 15

Ethernet Services in the L1, L2, L3 stack L3 Subscribers & Content Providers p2p,p2mp,mp2mp connectivity services & content services L2 Customers p2p,p2mp, mp2mp,rmp connectivity services L1 Customers p2p,p2mp, mp2mp, rmp connectivity services L3 Services Network VoIP HSI VoD B-/TSTV L3 Service Instance L3 Tunnel Instance EVPL, EVPT EPL1, EVPL, EVPT, EVPLAN L2 Packet Transport Network L2 Service Instance L2 Tunnel Instance EPL, EVPL1, EPLAN, EPT EPL EPL L1 Optical Network L1 Service Instance L1 Tunnel Instance L3 L2 L1 Transmission Media [L1,L2,L3] Section Physical Media (G.703, G.707, G.709, 802.3) Page 16

Ethernet Services in the Carrier-Carrier application (I) Transport Functional Group Carrier A Path Layer Network Services EVC Transport Functional Group Carrier B EPL1, EVPL Path Layer Network EVP EVC “EVC” EVP Transmission Media Layer Network EVS Transmission Media Layer Network ETY EVS ETY Page 17

Ethernet Services in the Carrier-Carrier application (II) Transport Functional Group Carrier A Path Layer Network EVC EVP Services Transmission Media Layer Network EPL1, EVPL Transport Functional Group Carrier B Path Layer Network EVS EVC “EVC” ETY EVP Transmission Media Layer Network EVS ETY Page 18

802.3 Ethernet User to Network Interfaces (UNI) 2009-02-10 802.3 Ethernet User to Network Interfaces (UNI)

802.3 Ethernet User to Network Interfaces (UNI) Bit rates 100 Mbit/s (FE) 1 Gbit/s (1GE) 10 Gbit/s (10GE) 40 Gbit/s (40GE) 100 Gbit/s (100GE) Ethernet customer networks 802.1D (Un-/Priority-Tagged) 802.1Q (C-Tagged) 802.1ad (S-Tagged) 802.1ah (I-/B-Tagged) Other technology networks with 802.3 LAN interfaces (“End Stations”) IP MPLS PTN Three basic User to Network Interface classes Bit/CodeWord stream Unchannelized port based (Un-/Priority- Tagged) Channelized C-Tagged S-Tagged I-Tagged B-Tagged S- & C-Tagged B- & I-Tagged UNI Link UNI Link UNI Link UNI Link Page 20

Ethernet Private Line (EPL) Services 2009-02-10 Ethernet Private Line (EPL) Services

EPL Type 1 Full or fractional rate port based service CIR guarantee, EIR=0 [Default] SDH, OTN or PDH as server layer MAC/VLAN frames are encapsulated in GFP-F frames Rate adjustment via GFP-Idle frame insertion SLA verification via SDH VC-n, OTN ODUk or PDH overhead, optionally with MAC frame loss counting [Option] Ethernet or MPLS based PTN as server layer VLAN frames are encapsulated in server layer frames (VLAN) or packets (PW) Traffic Engineered VLAN or PW connections SLA verification via Ethernet VLAN OAM and/or future MPLS-TP PW OAM Page 22

EPL Type 1: FE, 1GE SDH transport network MAC/VLAN frame stream MAC/VLAN frame stream FE 76.1M – 99.8M 1GE 0.761G - 0.998G GFP-F GFP-F VC-11-Xv VC-12-Xv VC-3-Xv OH 1.6M 2.1M 48.3M VC-3-Xv VC-4-Xv OH 0.048G 0.149G OH 1.6M 2.1M 48.3M OH 0.048G 0.149G OH 1.6M 2.1M 48.3M OH 0.048G 0.149G STM-16 STM-64 STM-256 STM-16 STM-64 STM-256 Page 23

EPL Type 1: 10GE SDH or OTN transport network MAC/VLAN frame stream 10GE 8.311G – 9.987G MAC/VLAN frame stream GFP-F 10GE 8.311G – 9.987G OH 2.488G ODU1 GFP-F VC-3-Xv VC-4-Xv OH 0.048G 0.149G OH 9.995G OH 0.048G 0.149G ODU2 OH 0.048G 0.149G STM-16 STM-64 STM-256 OTU1 OTU2 HO ODU2 HO ODU3 Page 24

EPL Type 1: FE, 1GE, 10GE Ethernet or MPLS transport network MAC/VLAN frame stream MAC/VLAN frame stream FE 1GE 10GE FE 1GE 10GE QinQ or MinM QinQ, CW OH OH EVC OH EVC OAM OH OH PW OH PW OAM EVP EVS LSP Section Page 25

EPL Type 2: 1GE SDH transport network Full or fractional rate codeword service CIR guarantee, EIR=0 SDH as server layer 802.3 codewords are transcoded and encapsulated in GFP-T frames Rate adjustment via 65B_PAD and GFP-Idle frame insertion SLA verification via SDH VC-4 overhead 8B/10B 64B/65B Transcoding 1GE 1.250G 1.0482G GFP-T VC-4-7v 1.052G OH 0.149G VC-4-7v 1.052G OH 0.149G OH 0.149G OH 0.149G OH 0.149G OH 0.149G OH 0.149G OH 0.149G OH 0.149G OH 0.149G OH 0.149G OH 0.149G OH 0.149G OH 0.149G 1.0483G 2x 9x 36x STM-16 STM-64 STM-256 Page 26

EPL Type 3 Full rate bit or codeword stream service new Full rate bit or codeword stream service CIR guarantee, EIR=0 OTN as server layer Bits (10GE, 100GE) or transcoded code words (1GE, 40GE) are encapsulated in OPUk frames Rate adjustment via stuff byte insertion 1GE, 40GE, 100GE signals are asynchronous mapped 10GE signal is bitsynchronous mapped Bit timing transparent SLA verification via OTN ODUk overhead Page 27

EPL Type 3: 1GE, 10GE 8B/10B 64B/65B Timing Transparent Transcoding Sigma/delta distritution ODU0 1.244G OH 1.238G ODU0 1.244G OH 1.238G 2x 8x 32x 32x 80x HO ODU1 HO ODU2 HO ODU3 HO ODU3e2 HO ODU4 10GE 10.3125G BMP ODU2e 10.399G OH 10.356G 1x 3x 4x 10x OTU2e HO ODU3 HO ODU3e2 HO ODU4 Page 28

Timing Transparent Transcoding EPL Type 3: 40GE, 100GE 64B/66B 1024B/1027B Timing Transparent Transcoding 40GE 41.250G 40.117G GMP ODU3 40.319G OH 40.15052G ODU3 40.319G OH 40.15052G 1x 1x 2x OTU3 HO ODU3e2 HO ODU4 103.125G 100GE GMP ODU4 104.794G OH 104.355G 1x OTU4 Page 29

Ethernet Private LAN, Tree (EPLAN/EPT) Services 2009-02-10 Ethernet Private LAN, Tree (EPLAN/EPT) Services

EPLAN, EPT n-port (n>2) VLAN frame service CIR guarantee for every VLAN branch between Ethernet switch functions, EIR=0 [Default] SDH, OTN or PDH as server layer Adds Ethernet switch functions to UNI-N ports cards MAC/VLAN frames are encapsulated in GFP-F frames in connections between Ethernet switch functions Rate adjustment via GFP-Idle frame insertion SLA verification via Ethernet VLAN OAM or via SDH VC-n, OTN ODUk or PDH overhead, optionally with MAC frame loss counting [Option] Ethernet or MPLS based PTN as server layer In both technologies, an Ethernet VLAN layer with Ethernet switch functions is deployed as “transport service layer” QinQ or MACinMAC based encapsulation of customer traffic n-port Traffic Engineered VLAN connection CIR guarantee for each VLAN link connection (via traffic conditioning on NNI egress ports) SLA verification via Ethernet VLAN OAM; UNI-N to UNI-N checked for status, NNI to NNI checked for performance Page 31

Ethernet Virtual Private Line, LAN, Tree Services 2009-02-10 Ethernet Virtual Private Line, LAN, Tree Services

EVPL, EVPLAN, EVPT 2-port and n-port (n2) VLAN frame service Best Effort service: CIR=0, EIR>0 Premium service: CIR>0, EIR>0 Traffic Engineered VLAN (TE-VLAN) CIR guarantee for every VLAN link connection between Ethernet switch functions SLA verification via Ethernet VLAN OAM, of future MPLS-TP PW OAM 2-port: UNI-N to UNI-N checked for status and performance n-port: UNI-N to UNI-N checked for status and NNI to NNI checked for performance Page 33

three encapsulation types: "none", "QinQ", "MACinMAC" EVPL, EVPLAN, EVPT Three encapsulation types for Ethernet customer services no encapsulation QinQ MACinMAC All customer services are via one of the encapsulation types mapped onto a n-port (n≥2) TE-VLAN or PW Service customers PTN Encapsulation PTN network one ETH mp2mp/rmp service type: “TE-VLAN” two ETH p2p/p2mp service types: “TE-VLAN”, PW three encapsulation types: "none", "QinQ", "MACinMAC" 802.1D 802.1Q individual 802.1ad bundle 802.1ah port-based Page 34

EVPL, EVPLAN Service Examples CTE intra-metro EVPL service A2 A1 inter-metro EVPLAN service latency reduction with split-horizon for loop prevention B1 B2 inter-metro EVPL service CSE CSE CTE CTE D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Core B Core A Metro 1 Metro 4 CSE CSE CSE sh CSE CTE PSE CTE CTE CTE CSE CSE CSE CSE CTE CTE CTE C1 C2 C3 intra-metro EVPLAN service Metro 2 Metro 3 CSE CSE CSE CSE CTE CTE CSE CTE CSE CSE CSE CSE CSE CTE CTE CTE CTE PT Tunnels PT Access Links PT Service Endpoint PT Service Switch/Bridge Page 35 CTE CTE

Traffic Conditioning EVPL Services CTE Deploy Traffic Conditioning functions at ingress of network B1 B2 CSE CSE CTE CTE Core B Core A Metro 1 Metro 4 CSE CSE CSE CSE CTE A2 A1 PSE CTE CTE CTE CSE CSE CSE CSE CTE CTE CTE Metro 2 Metro 3 CSE CSE CSE CSE CTE CTE CSE CTE CSE CSE CSE CSE CSE CTE CTE CTE CTE Page 36 CTE CTE

Traffic Conditioning EVPLAN Services CTE Deploy Traffic Conditioning functions at ingress of tunnels CSE CSE CTE CTE D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Core B Core A Metro 1 Metro 4 CSE CSE CSE CSE CTE PSE CTE CTE CTE CSE CSE CSE CSE CTE CTE CTE C1 C2 C3 Metro 2 Metro 3 CSE CSE CSE CSE CTE CTE CSE CTE CSE CSE CSE CSE CSE CTE CTE CTE CTE Tunnels Access Links Service Endpoint Service Switch/Bridge Page 37 CTE CTE

Packet Transport Network Standardization 2009-02-10 Packet Transport Network Standardization

under discussion PTN Technologies MPLS-TP Ethernet-TP (I) Ethernet and MPLS packet technologies are extended with a Transport Profile (TP) MPLS is extended with a single transport profile, Ethernet is extended with two transport profiles (with different tunnel layer technologies: VLAN and MAC) The layer stacks for those three PTN technologies are very similar and management of these PTN variations can be unified under a single PTN Network Manager MPLS-TP Ethernet-TP (I) Ethernet-TP (II) Customer/Client Customer/Client Customer/Client Service VLAN MPLS PW Service VLAN (VPLS) Service VLAN Service VLAN MPLS Tunnel Tunnel VLAN Tunnel MAC MPLS Link Link VLAN Link VLAN Physical Media (802.3,G.707,G.709) Physical Media (802.3,G.707,G.709) Physical Media (802.3,G.707,G.709) Page 39

PTN Layer Stack & Unified Network Management PTN NMS ACCESS METRO CORE METRO NTU MTU Metro Edge Metro Aggr. Metro Core Outer Core Inner Core Outer Core Metro Core Metro Aggr. Metro Edge Customer/Client layer PTN Service (Channel) layer PTN Tunnel (Path) layer Link (Section) layer Physical Media GFP Physical Media Physical Media GFP GFP GFP GFP Physical Media Physical Media Physical Media Physical Media Physical Media Physical Media Page 40

Interoperability for EVPLAN/EVPT services All three PTN technologies deploy a service VLAN to support E-TREE and E-LAN services Interoperability for those services is as such guaranteed; main difference is the tag/label used to identify each service VLAN MPLS-TP: PW label, Ethernet-TP (I): VID, Ethernet-TP (II): SID Ethernet-TP (I) Ethernet-TP (II) MPLS-TP UNI UNI Customer/Client: TREE or LAN service rmp or mp2mp service VLAN (VPLS) VID SID PW label p2p tunnel VLAN p2p tunnel MAC p2p MPLS tunnel Page 41

Interoperability for EVPL services under discussion Two out of three PTN technologies deploy a service VLAN to support LINE and TREE services, one technology deploys MS-PW (optionally this may also be a service VLAN) Interoperability for those services requires service VLAN to MS-PW interworking (as per clause 5.5/G.805 “layer network interworking”) ETH/MPLS PW InterWorking function provides such interworking Similar OAM PDU formats and similar client encapsulations make interworking trivial Ethernet-TP (I) Ethernet-TP (II) MPLS-TP UNI UNI Clause 5.5/G.805 Inter Working Function Customer/Client: LINE or TREE service p2p or p2mp service VLAN p2p or p2mp PW VID SID PW label p2p tunnel VLAN p2p tunnel MAC p2p MPLS tunnel Page 42

Optical Transport Network Evolution 2009-02-10 Optical Transport Network Evolution

OTN Evolution (I, 2008) Switched OTN Traditional OTN ETHERNET ODU1, ODU2, ODU3 Switched OTN ODU0, ODU1, ODU2, ODU2e, ODU3, ODU3e1/ODU3e2, ODU4 1GE Over ODU0 ODU0 Granularity 10GE Over ODU2e 4x10GE Over ODU3e1/2 40GE Over ODU3 100GE Over ODU4 Generic Mapping Procedure Page 44

OTN Evolution (II, 2009) Flexible OTN Switched OTN Sub-1G, FC, SDI and other CBR services Switched OTN ODU0, ODU1, ODU2, ODU2e, ODU3, ODU3e2, ODU4 Flexible OTN ODU0, ODU1, ODU2, ODU2e, ODU3, ODU3e1/ODU3e2, ODU4, ODUflex Other rates over ODUflex 1.238G to 2.488G over ODU1 Under Study (to be discussed) Sub-1.238G over ODU0 Flexible ODU (wrapper) Page 45

OTN Hierarchy & Services Managed Wavelengths (2002 – 2007) STM-16 STM-64 STM-256 10GE LO ODU O T U  2.7G-10.7G-11.1G-43.0G OTM-n ODU1 ODU2 ODU2e ODU3 Switched OTN (2008 - …) STM-16 1GE STM-64 10GE STM-256 40GE STM-1 100GE STM-4 FC-100 1.5G SDI FC-200 3G SDI FC-400 GDPS FC-800 … FC-1200 Future CBR… LO ODU O T U  2.7G-10.7G-11.1G-43.0G-111.8G OTM-n HO ODU O T U  2.7G 10.7G 43.0G 44.6G 111.8G ODU1 ODU0 ODU2 ODU2e ODU3 ODU4 ODUflex ODU2 ODU1 ODU3 ODU3e2 ODU4 Page 46

OTN Carrier-Carrier Support Carrier A OTN supports besides the SDH-like efficient 2-layer LO/HO ODU concept also the PDH-like 3-layer LO/HO/SHO ODU stacking for Carrier-Carrier applications LO ODU O T U  HO ODU O T U  ODU1 ODU2 ODU3 ODU3e2 Carrier B LO ODU O T U  OTM-n (S)HO ODU O T U  ODU2 ODU3 ODU3e2 ODU4 Page 47

OTN Service Delivery Times Managed Wavelengths (2002 – 2007) Service Request Service Available LO ODU config & Testing Transponder & Patch Cords Installation Switched OTN (2008 - …) Pre-Service installations Service Request Service Available SHORTER SERVICE DELIVERY TIMES Transponder & Fiber Installation HO ODU setup & Testing Pt &Click LO ODU setup Network Planning Testing Infrastructure Available Page 48

Flexible ODU (“FlexWire”) WHAT WILL BE NEXT SERVICE RATE? THIS IS UNKNOWN… BE PREPARED FOR ANY RATE HOW? FLEXIBLE LINE PORTS (GMP) FLEXIBLE TRIB PORTS (Single  Multiple  Range of Bit Rates) FLEXIBLE ODU (ODUflex) (Wrapper) ? 1.238G 2.488 9.995G 10.356G 40.150G 103.355G ODU0 ODU1 ODU2 ODU2e ODU3 ODU4 Page 49

Flexible Trib and Line Cards (examples) electrical optical LO ODU S W I T C H O T U  S W I T C H OTM-n 2.7G 10.7G 43.0G 44.6G 111.8G CLIENT HO ODU 10G Trib Card STM-1 FC-100 STM-4 FC-200 STM-16 FC-400 STM-64 FC-800 1GE FC-1200 10GE GDPS 1.5G SDI OTUk?? 3G SDI ESCON DVB-ASI Future… 40G Trib Card STM-64 10GE STM-256 40GE FC-1200 Future… 100G Trib Card 100GE Future… 10G Line Card Any LO ODU  10G HO ODU1 OTU1 HO ODU2 OTU2 OTU2e 40G Line Card Any LO ODU  40G HO ODU3 OTU3 HO ODU3e2 OTU3e2 100G Line Card Any LO ODU  100G HO ODU4 OTU4 Any service rate, switched OTN world to be build with just a few flexible Tributary Cards and Line Cards Flexible multiplexing technology under development (GMP) Flexible transceiver technology up to 10G announced Flex card technology above 10G in future; needs developments in tranceiver and optic components technology (form factor) Page 50

2009-02-10 Thank You www.huawei.com

rooted-mp VLAN (EVPT Service connection) CTE DSLAM CSE CTE Service Edge CTE CTE CSE Service Edge DSLAM Connectivity: root-to-leaf leaf-to-root root-to-root Roots Leafs Service Edge CTE CTE DSLAM CSE Service Edge CTE CTE DSLAM Page 52