Working in India Questions économiques et sociales du monde anglophone Master LEA John Mullen

The subcontinent of India lies in south Asia, between Pakistan, China and Nepal. To the north it is bordered by the world's highest mountain chain, where foothill valleys cover the northernmost of the country's 26 states. Further south, plateaus, tropical rain forests and sandy deserts are bordered by palm fringed beaches.

 5,000 year old civilization  325 languages spoken – 1,652 dialects  18 official languages  29 states, 5 union territories  3.28 million sq. kilometers - Area  7,516 kilometers - Coastline  over 1,000,000,000 people

National Emblem “Truth alone triumphs”

Quiz If the countries in the world are listed according to the size of their population, is India a)first b) second c) third d) seventh? If the countries of the world are listed according to population density, is India a)Fourth b) fifteenth c) twenty fifth d) thirty third?

If the countries of the world are listed by total GDP is India a)Fourth b) ninth c) seventeenth d) fifty third? If the countries are now listed in order of GDP per capita, is India a) fifteenth? b) fifty eighth c) sixty fourth? c) a hundred and forty third?

India has the second highest population of all the countries in the world. It is thirty third by population density. Its economy is ninth in the world by total GDP but 143rd by GDP per capita.

A few important dates in Indian history

World’s first university in Takshila –700 B.C

400 BC : Buddhism was founded in India (This is a 1980s statue in Bodghaya)

1632 the Taj Mahal was built on the orders of Shah Jahan as a tribute to his deceased wife.

East India House Headquarters o fthe company which effectivemey ruled India from the 1750s until 1858

East Indies company money

1857 The « Indian Mutiny »

1857

1858 Direct colonial rule from London established Indian National Congress founded as forum for emerging nationalist feeling Formation of the Muslim League 1911 British government change capital city from Calcutta to Delhi

Albert Einstein wrote of this man “Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth. ”

Gandhi works for Indian rights in South Africa 1906 Gandhi introduces Non-violent protest philosophy of Satyagraha I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent Gandhi returns to India 1917 Gandhi establishes his Ashram (or commune) 1918 Gandhi organizes poor farmers against oppressive taxation

1919 Amritsar massacre : between 400 and dead 1920 Non-cooperation movement 1922 Gandhi arrested 1924 Gandhi fasts for twenty one days on an attempt to reconcile Hindus and Muslims 1925 Gandhi founds the All-India spinners association

The Golden Temple Amritsar

1930 the Indian Congress declares the Independence of India, but the British will not leave for 17 more years We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, to have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth. We believe also that if any government deprives a people of these rights and oppresses them the people have a further right to alter it or abolish it. The British government in India has not only deprived the Indian people of their freedom but has based itself on the exploitation of the masses, and has ruined India economically, politically, culturally and spiritually. We believe therefore, that India must sever the British connection and attain Purna Swaraj or complete sovereignty and self-rule.

1930 Gandhi’s great salt marches: the British arrested over people.

1931 Gandhi visits England 1932 Gandhi fasts to protest against separate elections for « untouchables », 1934 Gandhi announces retirement from politics to concentrate on Village economics,

1942 : Quit India movement. All congress leaders, including Gandhi, are arrested. June 1947, the parliament in London passes the Indian Independence Act August 1947, the partition of India and Pakistan January , Gandhi announces a fast against Hindu/Muslim violence in Delhi January , Gandhi is assassinated by a Hindu extremist

Congress launches "Quit India" movement End of British rule and partition of sub-continent into mainly Hindu India and Muslim-majority state of Pakistan.

15 th August, 1947 Indian Independence 26 th January, 1950 Republic-India

War with Pakistan over disputed territory of Kashmir Congress Party wins first general elections under leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru Second war with Pakistan over Kashmir Nehru's daughter Indira Gandhi becomes prime minister India explodes first nuclear device in underground test.

Troops storm Golden Temple - Sikhs' most holy shrine – which was occupied by Sikh militants pressing for self-rule Indira Gandhi assassinated by Sikh bodyguards, following which her son, Rajiv, takes over.

Sikhs commemorate 30 years after the attack on the Golden Temple

Indira Gandhi

1984 December - Gas leak at Union Carbide pesticides plant in Bhopal. Thousands are killed immediately, many more subsequently die or are left disabled.

Rajiv Gandhi assassinated by suicide bomber sympathetic to Sri Lanka's Tamil Tigers Economic reform programme begun by Prime Minister PV Narasimha Rao Hindu extremists demolish mosque in Ayodhya, triggering widespread Hindu-Muslim violence.

Congress suffers worst ever electoral defeat as Hindu nationalist BJP emerges as largest single party BJP forms coalition government under Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee India carries out nuclear tests, leading to widespread international condemnation.

Great Indian Mathematician Postulated and proved 3,542 theorems Ramanujam

Rabindranath Tagore 1913 – Nobel Prize in Literature

Nobel Laureate in Physics Work on scattering of light and Raman effect C.V Raman

1979 – Nobel Prize in Peace Mother Teresa

Nobel Laureate in Medicine Work on interpretation of the genetic code Har Gobind Khorana

Subramanyan Chandrasekhar Nobel Laureate in Physics Work on structure and evolution of stars

2011 March - Results of 2011 census put India's population at 1.21 billion, an increase of 181 million over ten years.

2014 May - The Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party and its candidate for prime minister, Narendra Modi, win parliamentary elections by a landslide.