IT’S STORY TIME ! UNIT 9 WORLD WAR II Part 1 – America & the World Part 2 – World War II Begins Part 3 – The Holocaust Part 4 – America Enters the War Part 5 – Mobilizing For War Part 6 – The Early Battles Part 7 – Life on the Home Front Part 8 – Pushing the Axis Back Part 9 – The War Ends

P RINCIPAL G OAL of both C ASABLANCA & T EHRAN conferences during WWII was to P RINCIPAL G OAL of both C ASABLANCA & T EHRAN conferences during WWII was to… plan the ULTIMATE DESTRUCTION of GERMANY & JAPAN = CASABLANCA CONFERENCE

In addition to discussing the U LTIMATE D ESTRUCTION of G ERMANY & J APAN at T EHRAN C ONFERENCE during WWII SOVIET leader J osef S TALIN In addition to discussing the U LTIMATE D ESTRUCTION of G ERMANY & J APAN at T EHRAN C ONFERENCE during WWII, SOVIET leader J osef S TALIN … accepted FDR’s proposal to create an I NTERNATIONAL P EACE- K EEPING P EACE- K EEPING O RGANIZATION after the war =

THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN [“Operation Torch”] Europe’s “Soft Underbelly” INVASION of SICILY moved ahead as well Gen. Dwight D. EISENHOWER General PATTONBRITISH General As the BOMBING CAMPAIGN against GERMANY intensified, the plan for … INVASION of SICILY moved ahead as well. Gen. Dwight D. EISENHOWER was placed in overall command of the invasion. General PATTON & BRITISH General Bernard MONTGOMERY INVASION began before dawn on July 10, 1943 Bernard MONTGOMERY were put in charge of the actual forces on the ground. INVASION began before dawn on July 10, Despite bad weather, the ALLIED TROOPS made it ashore with few casualties. NEW VEHICLE DUKW an amphibious truck NEW VEHICLE, the DUKW —an amphibious truck— proved very effective in bringing SUPPLIES & ARTILLERY to the soldiers on the beach.

THE BATTLE for SICILY June, 1943 General George S. PATTON

George C. SCOTT playing Gen. PATTON in the 1968 Movie, “PATTON”

T he B ATTLE of M ONTE C ASINO Feb., 1944 It took ALLIES 5 months to break through the GERMAN LINES at CASSINO & ANZIO. Finally, in late May 1944, the GERMANS were forced to retreat. Less than 2 wks later, the ALLIES captured ROME. Fighting in ITALY continued, however, until May 2, The ITALIAN CAMPAIGN was one of the bloodiest in the war. It cost the ALLIES more than 300,000 casualties. Although the ITALIAN GOVERNMENT publicly announced ITALY’s surrender on Sept. 8, 1943, HITLER was not about to lose ITALY to the ALLIES. GERMAN TROOPS went into action at once. They seized control of NORTHERN ITALY, including ROME, attacked the AMERICANS at SALERNO, and put MUSSOLINI back in power.

T he A LLIES liberate R OME June 5, 1944

MUSSOLINI & his Mistress, Claretta Petacci are hung in Milan, ITALY 1945

ALLIES FIGHT TO LIBERATE EUROPE INVASION known as “OPERATION OVERLORD” & commander was AMERICAN General Dwight D. EISENHOWER aka “D-DAY”, operation involved 3 million U.S. & BRITISH TROOPS & was set for June 6, 1944 ALLIES sent fake coded messages indicating they would attack here Even as ALLIES continued battling for ITALY, they began plans on dramatic INVASION of FRANCE

CROSS-CHANNEL INVASION Normandy, FRANCE ALLIES J une 1944 was also known as The CROSS-CHANNEL INVASION of Normandy, FRANCE by the ALLIES in J une 1944 was also known as … O PERATION O VERLORD Q-67 =

D-DAY D-DAY refers to the … ALLIED invasion Normandy FRANCE ALLIED invasion of Normandy, FRANCE =

D-DAY D-DAY largest LAND-SEA-AIR OPERATION in military history Despite air support, German retaliation was brutal – especially at Omaha Beach Within a month, ALLIES had landed 1 million troops, 567,000 tons supplies & 170,000 vehicles D-DAY was an amphibious landing – soldiers going from sea to land – June 6, 1944

D-DAY June

U LTIMATE G OAL of D - DAY ALLIED INVASION NORMANDY June 6, 1944 was to U LTIMATE G OAL of D - DAY, the ALLIED INVASION of NORMANDY on June 6, 1944, was to … create a W ESTERN F RONT against the G ERMANS Q-68 =

ALLIES LANDING in NORMANDY June 6, 1944 D - DAY = “He that outlives this day, and comes home safe, Will stand a tip-toe when this day is named.” - MAJOR quoting from Shakespeare’s Henry V

LANDING AT NORMANDY

PLANES drop paratroopers behind enemy lines at NORMANDY, FRANCE

A D AY F OR H EROES – O MAHA B EACH ALLIED PLANNERS had hoped that AMERICAN FORCES landing at OMAHA early on June 6, 1944, would advance 5 to 10 miles after 24 hours of fighting. Stiff GERMAN RESISTANCE, however, stopped the invaders cold on the beach. GERMANS built a fortress atop the cliffs at POINTE DU HOC overlooking OMAHA from the west. They dug trenches and guns into the 150-foot bluffs lining the beach and along five ravines leading off it. Wading into the surf, the AMERICANS advanced toward OMAHA BEACH. Many men were cut down as the doors of their landing craft opened. The survivors had to cross more than 300 yards across a tidal flat strewn with man-made obstacles. Winds and a current pushed landing craft into clumps as the men moved ashore. As a result, soldiers ran onto the beach in groups and became easy targets. Of the more than 9,000 ALLIED CASUALTIES on D-DAY, OMAHA accounted for about one-third. Although many died, the AMERICANS took control of the beach and fought their way inland. Their progress was excruciatingly slow and painful. The AMERICANS reached their first-day objective only after more than two days of bloody fighting. Despite terrible losses, AMERICAN FORCES successfully carried out one of the most crucial missions of the war. As General Omar BRADLEY later wrote, “Every man who set foot on Omaha Beach that day was a hero.” Bandaged & Shell-Shocked, INFANTRYMEN from the AMERICAN 1 st DIVISION wait to be evacuated after landing on OMAHA BEACH

OMAHA BEACH 6/6/44

NORMANDY LANDING June 6, 1944 HIGGINS LANDING CRAFTS GERMAN PRISONERS

LOSSES were EXTREMELY HEAVY on D-DAY

ASSASSINATION PLOT - July 20, 1944 Major Claus von Stauffenberg

1. Adolf Hitler 2. Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel 3. Gen Alfred von Jodl 4. Gen Walter Warlimont 5. Franz von Sonnleithner 6. Maj Herbert Buchs 7. Stenographer Heinz Buchholz 8. Lt Gen Hermann Fegelein 9. Col Nikolaus von Below 10. Rear Adm Hans-Erich Voss 11. Otto Gunsche, Hitler's adjutant 12. Gen Walter Scherff (injured) 13. Gen Ernst John von Freyend 14. Capt Heinz Assman (injured) this to a friend-mail this to a friend ASSASSINATION PLOT - July 20, 1944

U.S. M ILITARY S TRATEGY in P ACIFIC T HEATER WWII BESTdescribed U.S. M ILITARY S TRATEGY in P ACIFIC T HEATER during WWII can BEST be described as … I SLAND- H OPPING =

“I SLAND- H OPPING ” “I SLAND- H OPPING ” refers to the… T ACTIC used by A MERICAN F ORCES in the P ACIFIC to capture J APANESE-held J APANESE-held ISLANDS = MacARTHUR fulfilling his promise to “RETURN to the PHILIPPINES”

U. S. adopted P OLICY “ISLAND-HOPPING” P ACIFIC T HEATER WWII U. S. adopted P OLICY of “ISLAND-HOPPING” in P ACIFIC T HEATER during WWII … acquire BASES & move SUPPLIES & TROOPS to within Q-69 = striking distance of JAPAN

NAVAJO CODE TALKERS

WWII primary DUTY of During WWII, primary DUTY oftransmit S ECRET M ESSAGES to U. S. U. S. F ORCES during C OMBAT Q-70 = NAVAJO CODE-TALKERS was to…

A LLIED I NVASION NORMANDY the A LLIED I NVASION of NORMANDY L IBERATION of P ARIS & A LL of F RANCE from G ERMAN C ONTROL Q-71 = PARIS after LIBERATION in resulted in… B y A UGUST of 1944 B y A UGUST of 1944,

T The LIBERATION of PARIS August 25, 1944 DE GAULLE in Triumph ! U.S. TROOPS in PARIS U.S. TROOPS in PARIS !

F RENCH F EMALE C OLLABORATORS WOMEN who collaborated with the ENEMY the GERMANS while their countries were occupied were often subjected to PUBLIC HUMILIATION by their own countrymen after their homeland was liberated by ALLIED FORCES WOMEN who collaborated with the ENEMY - the GERMANS – while their countries were occupied, were often subjected to PUBLIC HUMILIATION by their own countrymen after their homeland was liberated by ALLIED FORCES

M ac A RTHUR R ETURNS to the P HILIPPINES “People of the Philippines, I have returned. By the grace of Almighty God, our forces stand again on Philippine soil.” In order to take back the PHILIPPINES, the United States assembled an enormous invasion force. In October 1944, more than 700 ships carrying over 160,000 troops sailed for LEYTE GULF in the PHILIPPINES. On October 20, the troops began to land on LEYTE, an island located on the eastern side of the PHILIPPINES. A few hours after the invasion began, MACARTHUR headed to the beach. Upon reaching the shore, he strode to a radio & spoke into the microphone: “People of the Philippines, I have returned. By the grace of Almighty God, our forces stand again on Philippine soil.” To stop the AMERICAN INVASION, the JAPANESE sent 4 aircraft carriers toward the PHILIPPINES from the north & secretly dispatched another fleet to the west. Believing the JAPANESE CARRIERS were leading the main attack, most of the AMERICAN CARRIERS protecting the invasion left LEYTE GULF & headed north to stop them. Seizing their chance, JAPANESE WARSHIPS to the west raced through the PHILIPPINE ISLANDS into LEYTE GULF and ambushed the remaining AMERICAN SHIPS. BATTLE of LEYTE GULF LARGEST NAVAL BATTLE in history 1st time that the JAPANESE used kamikaze attacks BATTLE of LEYTE GULF was… = LARGEST NAVAL BATTLE in history. It was also the 1st time that the JAPANESE used kamikaze attacks. Luckily for the Americans, just as their situation was becoming desperate, the Japanese commander, believing more American ships were on the way, ordered a retreat. recapturing the Philippines Although the JAPANESE retreated, recapturing the Philippines was a long and grueling process. Over 80,000 Japanese were killed; less than 1,000 surrendered. MacARTHUR’s troops did not capture MANILA until March The BATTLE destroyed the city and killed many civilians. The remaining JAPANESE retreated into the rugged terrain north of MANILA, and they were still fighting when word came in August 1945 that JAPAN had surrendered. O CT. 1944

WAR in the PACIFIC KAMIKAZE PILOTS ATTACK ALLIES divine wind JAPANESE countered by employing a new tactic – KAMIKAZE attacks. * divine wind = refers to great storm that destroyed MONGOL fleet during its invasion of JAPAN in 13 th -century. Pilots in small bomb-laden planes would crash into ALLIED SHIPS. In the BATTLE for the PHILIPPINES, 424 kamikaze pilots sank 16 ships and damaged 80 more As AMERICANS continued leapfrogging across the PACIFIC toward JAPAN…