By: Angela Lajara rd

Origins of Industrial Revolution Started in Great Britain. Began around 1760.

Industrial Revolution: New machines started textiles factories Railroads Eventually led to more advanced technology.

Effects of Industrial Revolution on society The Industrial Revolution caused farmers and many people to move into rural areas.

Political and Economic Effects of industrialization Some political effects were- new home-rule governments. Some economic effects were- job created from factories and new inventions.

Factory system: social impact Gave the middle-class more opportunities. Created jobs for all classes.

Factory system: economic impact Factories created more jobs and caused farmers to move to rural areas.

American Revolution: causes The American colonist felt as if the British were wrongly using their power. They also felt as if they were being treated bad and unworthy.

American Revolution: impact The impact of the American Revolution was the influence it had on France and America gained independence from Great Britain. It opened France up to the ideas of enlightenment and showed them new political ideas.

French Revolution: causes The third estate in France thought it was unfair that they were being taxed when the first and second estate were not. There was also rumors that France was planning to attack Paris.

National Assembly Formed from the third estate in France. It was created to give the third estate government power.

French Revolution: convention to Napoleon Napoleon was the emperor of France from 1804 to 1815 Under Napoleon’s power the French had many conflicts-that involved every major European power. The Peninsular War and the French invasion of Russia in 1812, were turning points in Napoleon’s ruling. After losing a few battles and being exiled to an island Napoleon died in a British consignment of stomach cancer (many people believe he was poisoned.)

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte was a military and political leader in France. He became a emperor towards the end of the French Revolution. He was exiled to an island of Elba in When he escaped a year later he returned to power, but then was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in Napoleon spent his last years in confinement by the British in Saint Helena. He did of stomach cancer, but many people believed he was poisoned.

Congress of Vienna The congress of Vienna came together in 1815, created be four emperors. They wanted to create a new power in Europe and stop/prevent revolutions.

Latin American Independence movements During the 18 th and 19 th century. Ended with many states in Latin America becoming independent. Came after the American and French Revolutions.

Simon Bolivar Military and political leader In Venezuela. Helped Latin American gain independence from Spain. He won independence for Bolivia, Panama, Columbia, Peru, and Venezuela.

Haitian Revolution Began in Started because slaves revolted in the France colony of Saint-Domingue. Ended with Venezuela becoming an independent state.

Toussaint-Louverture Leader of the Haitian Revolution. Transformed a society of slaves into self- governing people. He lead the rebellion in the France colony of Saint Domingue.

Liberalism in Europe A political movement in Europe to support individual liberates and constitutionally- limited government.

Nationalism a society with a social order and sense of identity of a nation.

Socialism A society that create production, distribution, and exchange together.

Karl Marx A philosopher that played a major role in the development of the socialist movement. His political and economic belief is known as Marxism. His belief/prediction was that capitalism would produce internal tensions that would lead to its-self-destruction and would be replaced by socialism.

Unification of Germany Happened in Turned Germany into a nation-state. It took place in Versailles Palace's Hall of Mirrors in France.

Otto Von Bismarck Conservative German statesmen, Prince of Bismarck, and Duke of Lauenburg. Unified most of German states into an empire under Prussian leadership. became the first Chancellor of a united Germany after the 1871 Treaty of Versailles

Italian Unification Put states from the Italian peninsula into one state forming Italy. Began in Started it begin with the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Zionism A form of nationalism of Jews and Jewish culture that supports a Jewish nation.

Crimean War ( ) A war between Russian Empire, French Empire, British empire, Ottoman empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was known for all of its logistical and tactical mistakes.

Emancipation of Serfs in Russia (1861) proclaimed the emancipation of the serfs on private estates and of the domestic serfs.

New imperialism: causes colonial expansion adopted by Europe's powers, the United States and, later, Japan during the 19th and early 20th centuries; expansion took place from the French conquest of Algeria until World War I: approximately 1830 to 1914.

“The White Man’s Burden” Poem wrote by Rudyard Kipling. the phrase "white man's burden“ was characterization for imperialism that justified the policy as a noble enterprise.

Social Darwinism Social Darwinism is an ideology of society that seeks to apply biological concepts of Darwinism or of evolutionary theory to sociology and politics, often with the assumption that conflict between groups in society leads to social progress as superior groups outcompete inferior ones.

Direct vs. indirect control (colonial possessions) Direct: the colony is under control by the main country as a result of conquest. Indirect: the colony was given a degree of autonomy (independence).

Sepoy Rebellion between the British and the Indians. Indian soldiers that worked for the British during the British rule were known as the Sepoys.

Indian National Congress (INC): origins largest and most extended Indian public organization. Had influence of the Indian Independence Movement.

King Leopold Was King of the Belgians. Remembered for the founding and brutal exploitation of the Congo Free State.

Berlin Conference ( ) Regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period.

Opium War: causes Also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars. Divided into the First Opium War from 1839 to The Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860.

Opium War: Results The Anglo-French won.

Taiping Rebellion (1850s and 1860s) War in Southern China fought against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty. Was led by Hong Xiuquan.

Self-strengthening movement A period of institutional reforms meant to make peace with the Western powers in China.

Spheres of influence A spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military, or political influence.

Boxer rebellion ( ) Was an anti-foreign, proto-nationalist movement by the Righteous Harmony Society in China between. Opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity.

Monroe Doctrine A policy of the United States introduced on December 2, Noted that the United States would neither interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries

Spanish-American War ( ) War between Spain and the United States. Resulted in American intervention in the ongoing Cuban War of Independence.

U.S. Open Door Policy A concept in foreign affairs, which usually refers to the policy in 1899 allowing multiple Imperial powers access to China, with none of them in control of that country. Open Door Policy originates with British commercial practice, as was reflected in treaties concluded with Qing Dynasty China after the First Opium War (1839–1842).

Opening of Japan

Meiji Restoration A chain of events that gave Japan its rule back in The Restoration brought changes in the political and social structure.

Sino-Japanese War Fought between the Qign Dynasty and the Meiji Japan. Over the rule of Korea.

Decline of ottoman Empire followed after the Stagnation of the Ottoman Empire Russian Imperialism effected it.

Muhammad Ali Albanian commander in the Ottoman army. self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan.

Steam engine heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.

Interchanged parts Was introduced a little after the Industrial Revolution. Started after the invention of factories.

Cotton gin Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793 The cotton gin separated cottonseeds from the cotton making it an easier job for African Americans.

Telegraph Invented in By Samuel Soemmering.