Cells & Heredity Lesson 1.3 Chemical Compounds in Cells 6 th Science

 Element – any substance that cannot be broken down into ___________ substances  Atom – the smallest unit of an ______________  Elements founds in living things include carbon, ___________, oxygen, ______________, phosphorus, and sulfur  Compound – two or more ___________ that combine chemically  Example – __________ is made up of hydrogen and oxygen  Molecule – the smallest _________ of most compounds  Example – the water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

 Organic compounds – most compounds that contain _____________  The most important groups of organic compounds found in living things are carbohydrates, ___________, proteins, and __________________  Inorganic compounds – compounds that _________ contain the element carbon

 Carbohydrate – an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements _____________, ____________, and _______________  Examples: sugars and starches  Carbohydrates are ________________ of some cell parts such as cell walls and cell membranes  Carbohydrates also provide cells with _______________

 Proteins – large organic molecules made of carbon, __________, oxygen, ____________, and in some cases, sulfur  cells use ___________ for cell membranes and many of the organelles within the cell  Amino acids – smaller molecules that _____________ are made of; there are 20 common amino acids  Enzyme – a type of protein that _________________ a chemical reaction in a living thing

 Lipids – energy-rich ___________________ made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen  Fats, oils, and waxes are all ____________  _____________________ is one type of lipid that is an important part of animal cell membranes, but too much cholesterol can clog blood vessels

 Nucleic acids – very large organic molecules made of carbon, ___________, hydrogen, ____________, and phosphorus  Contain the instructions that cells need to carry out functions  Two Types  1) ______________________ acid (DNA) – passed from parent to offspring and directs all of the cell’s functions  2) _____________________ acid (RNA) – plays an important role in the production of proteins

Water  Water plays many vital roles in cells  Without water, most ____________________ within cells could not take place  Helps keep cells their size and shape  Helps keep the _____________________ of cells from changing rapidly