Chemical Compounds in Cells What are Elements and Compounds? What Compounds Do Cells Need?

What are Elements and Compounds? Element – any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances Atom – the smallest unit of an element (not including subatomic particles) Compounds – form when two or more elements combine chemically Molecule – smallest unit of a compound

Molecules and Compounds Carbon dioxide is a compound. So is water. Chemical Compounds in Cells

N C H O P S

What Compounds Do Cells Need? Some important groups of organic compounds that living things need are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Water is a necessary inorganic compound.

Carbohydrates Energy rich organic compounds made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Important to plant cell membrane and cell wall. Cellulose found in cell walls of plants is a type of carbohydrates

Lipids Compounds that are made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Cell membranes consist of lipids Fats, oils, waxes are all lipids Gram for gram, fats and oils contain more energy than carbohydrates. Cells store energy from fats and oils for later use.

Proteins Large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Proteins form part of the cell membrane and make up the organelles in a cell. Enzymes, a type of proteins, speed up chemical reactions in living things. Ex: an enzyme in your saliva speeds up the digestion of start, the starch breaks down into sugars while still in your mouth

Compare and contrast the carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Chemical Compounds in Cells

Nucleic Acids CGAT Nucleic acids are very long organic molecules containing different combinations of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, Contain instructions to carry out all the functions of life

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid is the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring

DNA Smaller molecules connect in specific patterns and sequences, forming DNA. What would be the pattern of colors in the missing area? Chemical Compounds in Cells

The graph compares the percentages of some compounds found in a bacterial cell and in an animal cell. What would be a good title for the graph?

Mostly Water About two thirds of the human body is water. Complete the circle graph to show the percentage of water in your body. Water allows for chemical reactions to take place inside a cell, helps the cell keep its shape, water helps cells remain constant temperatures, and water also plays a key role in carrying substances into and out of cells. Chemical Compounds in Cells