C3 REVISION – CHAPTER 1 – THE PERIODIC TABLE KEY WORDS: Dalton Newland Mendeleev Reactivity Reactive metals Transition metals Non-metals Nobel gases Melting point Boiling point Alkali metals Physical properties Chemical properties Compound Halogens Displacement ASSESSMENT: State how each of these scientists aided in the development of the modern periodic table: Dalton: Newland: Mendeleev: Describe how the modern periodic table is arranged: Create a key for the colours displayed on the periodic table above: The halogens: Describe the properties:Describe the reactions:Describe the displacement reactions: Group 1 – the alkali metals: Describe the properties: Describe the reactions: Transition metals: Describe the physical properties: Describe the chemical properties: Describe the types of compounds formed:

C3 REVISION – CHAPTER 2 – WATER KEY WORDS: Hard water Scum Scale Temporary hard water Permanent hard water Ion-exchange column Water treatment Pure water Softener Chlorine Fluoride ASSESSMENT: Explain what hard water is and how it is formed: State the equation that shows why hard water wastes soap: Explain how temporary and permanent hard water are different and give an equation to show what happens when temporary hard water is heated Describe how lime scale is formed: Explain the how the effects of the following on hard water: Washing soda: Ion-exchange column: Heating: Explain how water is treated to make it safe to drink: You can use a diagram Explain the issues surrounding the treatment of water with ions such as chlorine and fluoride:

C3 REVISION – CHAPTER 3 – ENERGY CALCULATIONS KEY WORDS: Energy release Energy transfer Solutions Exothermic Endothermic Activation energy Catalyst Bond breaking Bond making Bond energy ASSESSMENT: Sketch an energy change graph for each of the following and explain the energy changes taking place: Endothermic Exothermic: Activation energy: Catalysts: Calculate the energy change for the following reaction: burning of butane. (C-H = 412, C-C = 348, C=O = 743 and O-H = 463) You will need to write and balance an equation for this.

C3 REVISION – CHAPTER 4 – ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS KEY WORDS: Flame test Sodium hydroxide Carbonates Halides Sulphates Titration End point Concentration Chemical analysis Equilibrium Pressure Energy Haber process ASSESSMENT: Fill in the table to show your understanding of flame tests: Metal ion Flame colour Lithium (Li + ) Sodium (Na + ) Lilac Red Barium (Ba 2+ ) Fill in the flow chart to show your understanding of positive ion tests: Metal ion Colour of precipitateFurther tests required Copper Cu 2+ Reddish-brown Iron Fe 2+ Magnesium Mg 2+ Insoluble in excess NaOH, red flame test Aluminium Al 3+ White Fill in the table to show your understanding of negative ion tests: AnionTestObservation CO 2 gas produced Halide Colour precipitate: Chloride  Bromide  Iodide  SulphateWhite precipitate Describe how to carryout a titration: State the different types of chemical analysis that can be carried out: Describe the Haber process: Describe the effects of temperature on this process: Describe the effects of pressure on this process:

C3 REVISION – CHAPTER 5 – EQUILIBRIA KEY WORDS: Equilibrium Open/closed system Reversible Endothermic Exothermic Optimum conditions ASSESSMENT: Reversible Reactions Give an example of a reversible reaction – write the equation, remembering to include the reversible sign. What can you say about the energy change for the forward reaction when you compare it to the reverse reaction? Explain why an open system cannot reach equilibrium, whereas a closed system can. Explain the meaning of the term ‘position of equilibrium. The equilibrium strikes back! When conditions are changed in an equilibrium the system will respond to counteract these changes Explain how the position of equilibrium moves when you: i)Increase the temperature in a reaction where the forward reaction is endothermic ii)Increase the temperature in a reaction where the forward reaction is exothermic iii)Decrease the temperature in a reaction where the forward reaction is endothermic iv)Decrease the temperature in a reaction where the forward reaction is exothermic Under pressure! Explain how changing the pressure of a system effects the position of equilibrium in the following reaction: PCl 3 + Cl 2  PCl 5 Increase in pressure: Decrease in pressure: Explain why the Haber process is done at a very high pressure Explain why the Haber process is done at a ‘compromise’ temperature

C3 REVISION – CHAPTER 6 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY KEY WORDS: Alcohol Functional group Homologous series Carboxylic acid Esters Combustion Oxidation Ethanol ASSESSMENT: Alcohols: Draw the structure of the first 3 members: MethanolEthanolPropanol State the some of the uses of alcohol: Describe the combustion of alcohol: Describe the reaction of alcohol with sodium: Describe the oxidation of alcohol: Carboxylic acids: Draw the structure of the first 3 members: Methanoic acid Ethanoic acid Propanoic acid Describe the reaction of carboxylic acid with carbonates: Explain why carboxylic acids are called weak acids: Esters: Draw the structure of the first of ethyl ethanoate: Explain how esters are made: Explain the issues of ethanol in drinks: Explain the issues of ethanol and esters as biofuels: