STRUCTURE, MOVEMENT AND CONTROL Chapter 12 Lesson 2

Essential Questions How does the body move? How does the body respond to changes in its environment?

New Vocabulary Lymphocytes Immunity Compact Bone Spongy Bone Neuron Reflex Hormone

Parts of Blood (ADD TO LAST NOTES) Plasma – the liquid part of blood  Contains nutrients and allows transport of other blood cells Red Blood Cells – carry oxygen Platelets – help the body heal White Blood Cells – help the body defend against toxins and diseases Blood Types – A, B, AB, O  Different people have different proteins on the surfaces of their blood cells which is why there are different types.

Human Blood Types

Lymphatic System Parts:  Tonsils  Spleen  Thymus  Bone Marrow  Lymphocytes  Lymph nodes 3 Main functions:  Remove excess fluids around organs  Produce white blood cells to fight infections  Absorb and transport fats Maintains fluid homeostasis

Lymphatic System Fluid that travels through the lymph vessels flows into organs called lymph nodes  Protects the body from toxins, wastes, etc. Lymphocytes: type of white blood cell that are made in the thymus, the spleen, and bone marrow.  Circulatory system transports them throughout the body  Immune cells attack and destroy viruses, bacteria, and other substances. Immunity: protection from infection or toxins

Immunity Humans make billions of different types of antibodies (remember the movie!)  Infectious diseases – caused by pathogens  Are contagious  Example: bacteria and viruses  Noninfectious disease – caused by the environment or a genetic disorder

Lines of Defense 1 st line of defense:  The skin and mucus which prevent toxins and other substances from entering the body 2 nd line of defense:  The immune response in which white blood cells attack and destroy harmful substances 3 rd line of defense:  The immune cells which makes antibodies that destroy harmful substances

The Skeletal System Functions:  Protects internal organs  Provides support  Helps the body move  Stores minerals (Like calcium) The skeleton also contains:  Ligaments – connect bone to bone  Tendons – connect muscle to bone  Cartilage  Bones

Bone Types Compact bone – hard outer layer of the bone Spongy bone – interior region that contains many tiny holes (like a sponge) Bone marrow – Makes white blood cells (part of the lymphatic system)

Muscular System 3 Types of Muscle Tissues:  Skeletal muscle - Works with the skeletal system and helps you move  Cardiac muscle – Only found in the heart  Continually contracts and relaxes to move blood throughout the body  Smooth muscle – Only found in organs (such as the stomach and bladder)  Blood vessels also have smooth muscle surrounding them to control blood flow