Migration A migrant is someone who moves from one area to another. In 2010, some 214 million people — 3 per cent of the world's population — lived outside their country of origin. Internal migration is when people move to available resources services and opportunities, or to escape violence, natural disaster or the increasing number of extreme weather events. The movement of people from rural to urban areas has contributed to the explosive growth of cities around the globe.

Human Migration Map

Standard of Living Measured by a country’s GDP per capita. We tend to equate a higher standard of living with a higher level of consumption, but the key to long-term prosperity is productivity. Increased productivity is what makes increased consumption possible. GDP measures annual economic output — the total value of new goods and services produced within a country’s borders. Average GDP per capita tells us how big each person’s share of GDP would be if we were to divide the total into equal portions

Human Development Index The Human Development Index (HDI) offers a global perspective on the question of how well people are living. Devised by the United Nations in the 1990s, the HDI is a composite of three different indicators: (1) life expectancy at birth, (2) education as measured by a combination of school enrollment and adult literacy, and (3) standard of living as measured by a variation on GDP per capita that adjusts for price differences between countries (purchasing power parity in U.S. dollars). /pressreleases/2011/11/02/2011-human-development- index-norway-at-top-dr-congo-last.html

Over-urbanization End result in excessive migration to cities by un and under-employed people from rural areas moving to cities in response to industrialization. Rural folks are “pushed” instead of “pulled” into the cities looking to escape their situation. Result is high rate of unemployment in the cities and increase in shanty towns or slums.

Manila, Philipines

Diffusion The spread of idea by physical movement of people from one place to another. Examples could be the internet spreads ideas around the globe.

Exports Selling goods and services produced in the home country to other markets. OR, goods produced in one country are shipped to another country for future sale or trade. Often subject to import quotas, tariffs, and trade agreements.

Imports To bring or carry in goods or services from a foreign country for trade or sale. Often subject to import quotas, tariffs, and trade agreements.

Globalization The tendency of investment and businesses to move beyond domestic and national markets to other markets around the globe, thereby increasing the interconnectedness of different markets. Globalization has had the effect of markedly increasing not only international trade, but also cultural exchange. (investopedia.com)

Globalization Proponents of globalization say that it helps developing nations "catch up" to industrialized nations much faster through increased employment and technological advances. Critics of globalization say that it weakens national sovereignty and allows rich nations to ship domestic jobs overseas where labor is much cheaper.

Immigrant vs. Emigrant People who migrate into an area are called immigrants. At the point where they leave, they are emigrants.

Economics Macroeconomics focuses dealing with the economy as a whole, rather than individual markets. Microeconomics refers to to the studies the behavior of individual households and firms A social science that studies how individuals, governments, firms, and nations make choices on allocating scarce resources to satisfy their unlimited wants. Economics can generally be broken down into: macroeconomics, which concentrates on the behavior of the aggregate economy; and microeconomics, which focuses on individual consumers.

Agricultural Economies Any local or national economy heavily dependent on agriculture. Agricultural economies are often in very rural areas. As a country develops economically, the relative importance of agriculture declines.

Industrial Economies low-income national economies (agricultural based) are transformed into modern industrial economies. In economics, industries are customarily classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary industry includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and extracting minerals. Secondary or manufacturing industry processes the raw materials supplied by primary industries into consumer goods.

Service Economies The increased importance of the service sector in industrialized countries. Tertiary or service industry includes banking, finance, insurance, investment, and real estate services; wholesale, retail, and resale trade; transportation, information, and communications services; professional, consulting, legal, and personal services; tourism, hotels, restaurants, and entertainment; repair and maintenance services; education and teaching; and health, social welfare, administrative, police, security, and defense services.