S3.1 session day 3 1 training delivered by Oxfam GB, RedR India and Humanitarian Benchmark; January 2012, Yangon, Myanmar approved by the Advisory Group members Assessment and disaster cycle 1 24 Assessment and disaster cycle Post-disaster needs assessment

Developing a session plan Learning objectives By the end of this session, you will have an understanding of: Objective 1 The disaster cycle Objective 2 Stages of assessment Objective 3 What and how to assess? Objective 4 Relationship of monitoring and evaluation with assessment

Developing a session plan Objective 1 The disaster cycle Let us clarify the concepts of disaster and humanitarian emergency A serious disruption of the functioning of a community due to occurrence of an hazardous event Such event can be natural or human made Impact of such event on vulnerabilities in terms of loss of life, injuries, destruction of property / livelihoods defines the scale of disaster When does a disaster occur? A disaster occurs when hazard meets vulnerability

Developing a session plan Objective 1 The disaster cycle Exceptional measures Immediate action Threat to life or well-being A humanitarian emergency is a serious situation or event that demands immediate action and exceptional measures to protect the lives of a large number of people Humanitarian emergency

Developing a session plan Discussion The last response you were involved in? Did you undertake an assessment? What type of assessment was it? Discussion as a group Write down key points 10 Minutes

Developing a session plan Objective 1 The disaster cycle Impact assessment Response Reconstruction Prediction & early warning Preparedness Mitigation & prevention

Developing a session plan Objective 1 The disaster cycle Key learning points: Assessment is a continuous process in all the stages of the disaster cycle At every stage of disaster cycle, the next level of assessment is done, with enhanced community participation in the assessment

Developing a session plan Objective 2 Stages of assessment Core standard 3 of the Sphere Project: Assessment (page 61) context Assessment covers capacityrisk Quick group work : Make a list of areas (points) of assessment (5 min.) Key learning points

Developing a session plan Objective 2 Stages of assessment Assessment effectiveness Time Assessment accuracy Potential to save lives Effectiveness of intervention

Developing a session plan Objective 2 Stages of assessment Post disaster or conflict there are a number of stages of assessment Preliminary assessment Rapid assessment Joint assessment Monitoring & evaluation

Developing a session plan Preliminary assessment: by first responders, within hours, it is an initial picture of the situation focused around risks from immediate hazards Rapid assessment: within first week Focusing on the immediate priorities of the affected population Joint assessment: within the first few weeks and after Focusing on the extent of the impact and what responses are appropriate Monitoring and evaluation: during and at the end, reviewing if the objectives are being achieved Objective 2 Stages of assessment

Developing a session plan Preliminary assessment Rapid assessment Joint multi sectoral assessment Monitoring Immediate response Organised response with project Response with interagency coordination / advocacy Participatory needs assessment Reconstruction rehabilitation Participatory disaster risk assessment Disaster Risk Reduction Drills / capacity assessment Objective 2 Stages of assessment

Developing a session plan Group work 2 : identify sources of information for the points of assessment Objective 3 What and how to assess?

Developing a session plan Group work 3 : identify tools and methods for the information collection appropriate to the context and sources of information Objective 3 What and how to assess?

Developing a session plan Objective 2 Stages of assessment Many organisations and governments have their own assessment tools There are some common assessments joint needs assessment task force, IASC post-disaster needs assessment, UNDP post-conflict needs assessment, UNDG damage and loss assessment (DaLA), World Bank Main barriers to effective assessment are usually: coordination to implement an effective response access to the affected population capacity of stakeholders to undertake assessment

Developing a session plan coordination to implement an effective response limited access to the affected population limited capacity of stakeholders to undertake assessment Objective 3 What and how to assess? Let us be aware about the barriers to assessment

Developing a session plan To Summarise: Assessment is a continuous process in all the stages of the disaster cycle Assessment covers three components: context, risks and capacities of the affected population Community participation increases as per the stages disaster cycle. The tools and methods of assessment need to be appropriate to the context and the sources of information Monitoring provides significant inputs for programme management as well as to the needs assessment

Developing a session plan Objective 2 Stages of assessment Assessment findings inform all levels of planning Government, UN and agencies will have strategies that they review regularly Strategic plan: a plan or policy for a response. Example: Haiti recovery strategy Programme plan: area of implementation within strategy. Example: Haiti WASH sector response Project plan: specific local activity to implement program. Example: latrines in IDP camp

Developing a session plan Risk and hazards including security Affected & host populations Damage to infrastructure and property Resources Objective 3 What to assess To inform the response it is necessary to maintain an understanding of a number of interrelated categories of information Write down key points Discussion in groups 7 Minutes

Developing a session plan Evaluation of risks and hazards including security Mapping of hazards Evaluation of risk Political or social unrest Security issues Objective 3 What to assess

Developing a session plan Group discussion Discussion in groups Write down key points 10 Minutes Task 1 The main hazards to the project Task 2 The main risks to the project We will discuss these further in session 5.2 Disaster Risk Reduction Based on your last response, discuss in groups the following

Developing a session plan Objective 3 What to assess Details on affected & hosted populations Number of affected people Location and conditions Vulnerability Needs and priorities Skills and capacities

Developing a session plan Objective 3 What to assess Human assets – skills, knowledge, health Social assets – community, political structures Natural assets – land, water Physical assets – buildings, transport, energy Economic assets – money, tools, livestock Resource and capacities assessment should cover these areas

Developing a session plan Objective 3 What to assess Stakeholders include Government Beneficiaries User groups Interest groups Decision makers Donors Stakeholders can be split into two main types Primary stakeholders – reason for the project Secondary stakeholders – means by which project objectives are met Identification of stakeholders during assessment is part of good project planning

Developing a session plan Discussion in groups Write down key points Exercise stakeholder analysis Case studyRead and discuss the case study in the CORE ToT participants manual Task A request has been made to build a camp to house 5000 people displaced after the severe floods Question 1 Who are the different stakeholders for the requested camp? Question 2Are they primary or secondary? 10 Minutes

Developing a session plan Exercise stakeholder analysis Place the stakeholders on the priority diagram Manage Closely Keep Informed Monitor Interest Importance

Developing a session plan Objective 3 What to assess Using disaggregation: Disaggregation is the breaking of large amounts of data into smaller pieces Useful within assessments to identify: needs of specific groups vulnerability Guidance from Sphere Core Standards suggests disaggregation by: sex, male/female /age, 0–5, 6–12, 13–17, and then in 10- year age brackets

Developing a session plan Preliminary assessment Rapid assessment Joint assessment Monitoring & evaluation Objective 4 Monitoring and evaluation An integral part of the assessment cycle Monitoring and evaluation issues will be covered further in the session 4.2

Developing a session plan Questions? Thoughts Thanks

Developing a session plan Discussion Group 1 What are the main information sources in assessments? Group 2 What are the main methods for assessments? Group 3 What are the main tools used to carry out assessments? Discuss how relevant and reliable they are Discussion in groups Write down key points 15 Minutes

Developing a session plan Text Dimension 24 Arial Position: Horizontal 5.44 Vertical 2.40 Text Dimension: 20 Arial Any questions Share your experiences Do you have any comments or experiences you would like to share? Do you have any questions? Any questions?

Developing a session plan Post Disaster Recovery Needs Assessment and Methodologies IRP, 2007 Further reading