Global II Triumph of Nationalism Ch 24, Sec 1 The Unification of Italy How did Nationalism lead to Italian Unification? Pg

Objectives 11.1Explain how the movement to unite Italy started 11.2Discuss the roles of Count Cavour, Mazzini, and Garibaldi 11.3Describe the problems Italy faced after unification

Lesson Launch Please discuss the following with a partner: What type of warfare did Garibaldi use? How old was Garibaldi when he conquered the Two Sicilies? What act of Garibaldi’s led directly to the unification of Italy?

Development of Nation States Must be a people – not a swarm of humans. Membership in a community – a common life. Outsiders are foreign. Same speech and language. Common History, future, religion, geography.

“Risorgimento” – Italian pride Source of Pride Roman Glory Renaissance Common Heritage French Revolution Desire to end foreign rule. Obstacles Metternich System “Italy is a geographic expression” - Metternich Conservatism Quadruple Alliance Austrian Rule Congress of Vienna

Italian Nationalists Inspired by French Revolution – Liberty,Equality,Fraternity Guiseppe Mazzini (Soul) Organized secret society known as Young Italy Wanted Italian unification Guiseppe Garibaldi (Sword) Military Commander – Member of Young Italy Red Shirts: Small military group; fights for unification Count Camillo Cavour (Brains) Editor for newspaper called Il Risorgimento Il Risorgimento = Italian Unity Becomes main advisor in all of Italian unification for King Victor Emmanuel II King of Sardinia – Eventual King of Italy

First Steps towards Unification Emmanuel & CavourCrimean WarWar with Austria Real Politik:

Unification Completed Garibaldi Formed volunteer army of over 1,000 “Red Shirts” Helped take the Two Sicilies Convinced to turn over Sicily and Naples to Victor Emmanuel by Cavour Victor Emmanuel II is elected King by a parliament of most of Italy 1861 Rome eventually joins as French withdraw support from Rome

Problems of a Unified Italy Pope Pius IX angry at loss of Papal States Urged Italian Catholics not to cooperate North vs. South Industry that dominated politics vs. agriculture that was poor Only 1 in 30 could vote WILL CAUSE INSTABILITY IN FUTURE

Closure What was a major influence on the movement to unite Italy? What role did Cavour, Mazzini, and Garibaldi have? What problems did Italy face after Unification?

Homework Count Camillo Cavour What role did Cavour play in Italian Unification?