Chapter 7

1. What is Judaism? The religion of the Hebrews, it is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion God told him to leave Mesopotamia with his family and head west and he settled in Canaan 2. Who was Abraham

3. Who was Moses God told Moses to lead the Israelites out of Egypt because his people were slaves, the pharaoh said no, then came terrible plagues to Egypt, forcing the pharaoh to release the Israelites A major event in Jewish history, when Moses led his people out of Egypt, they believed they were freed because of God’s love for them 4. What is the Exodus

5. What are the Ten Commandments? God gave Moses a code of moral laws, this is what they were named 1. Do not take the Lords name in vain 2. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it Holy 3. Honor your father and mother 4. Shall not murder 5. shall not commit adultery 6. Shall not steal 7. Shall not bear false witness 8. Shall not covet your neighbor’s house 9. Shall not covet your neighbors wife 10. Shall not have a god before Him The Ten Commandments:

6. What did King David do? He killed a giant (Goliath) and King Saul liked him He was admired for his military skills and as a poet, he was well loved He defeated the Philistines and established the capital of Israel in Jerusalem Was David’s son and was also a strong king Made Egypt and Phoenicia his allies Made Israel very rich Created a Temple to God in Jerusalem 7. What did King Solomon do?

8. Explain the dispersal of the Jews The Chaldeans marched the Jews out of Jerusalem and took them on as slaves, but once the Persians defeated the Chaldeans the Jewish people were freed and could go back to Jerusalem, but most people did not return there The Romans forced the Jews to worship the Roman Emperor and they had no respect for the Jewish religion 9. How did Roman rule affect Jewish society?

10. What was life like for most Israelite women? Their husbands were chosen by their fathers, but she could not be forced in to marriage Some women were political and military leaders Take care of their family members

11. Define monotheistic Belief in only one god Children learn the basics of Judaism Boys study with professional teachers to learn their religion Central to Jewish life 12. Explain Jewish ideas on education

13. What are Jewish thoughts on justice and righteousness? Justice means kindness and fairness in dealing with other people Everyone deserves justice They are to give aid to those who need it (the poor, sick and orphans) Fair in business dealings Important to behave properly, even if others are not God gave them moral laws to follow The Ten commandments are the most important laws to live by Mosaic Laws~ from Moses, govern praying, cant work on Saturday (Sabbath Day) 14. What are some of Judaism’s religious and moral laws?

15. Define Torah The most sacred text of Judaism Jewish house of worship 16. Define Synagogue

17. What are prophets? People who are said to receive messages from God to be taught to others A set of commentaries and lessons for everyday life, they were produced between 200 and 600 A.D. 18. Define Talmud

19. Define Dead Sea Scrolls It explains more Jewish beliefs, they were writings by Jews who lived about 2,000 years ago. Some modern laws are based on the laws set forth in the Ten Commandments and in other Jewish teachings 20. How have Jewish ideas helped shape modern laws?

21. Define zealots The most rebellious group of Jews that wanted to regain their independence from the Romans, and they formed a revolt in 66 A.D. The First Revolt in 66 A.D. against the Romans, many Jews were killed and Romans took the remaining Jews to be slaves The Second Revolt, the Jews were tired of Roman rule and they revolted, however they were defeated by the Romans and Rome forced all Jews out of Jerusalem 22. Describe the First and Second Revolts

23. Define rabbis The Jewish religious teacher They are responsible for interpreting the Torah and other Jewish teachings They were mad at the Jews for rebelling two times against the Romans 24. Why did the Romans force Jews out of Jerusalem?

25. What were the two main Jewish cultural traditions? 1. The “Ashkenazim”, these are the Jews who moved to France, Germany and Eastern Europe and speak Yiddish 2. The “Sephardim” these are Jews who moved to Spain and Portugal and speak Ladino Falls in December Honors the rededication of the Second Temple during the revolt of the Maccabees The Maccabees only had enough oil to burn for one day during their celebration, but miraculously it burned for eight days To celebrate this, Jews light a menorah with eight branches that they light on every night for eight days They exchange gifts on these nights 26. Describe Hanukkah

27. Define Passover This is a time for Jews to remember the Exodus (the journey of the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt) They eat “matzo” (flat, unrisen bread) A meal called “sedar” where participants recall and reflect upon the events of the Exodus The two most sacred of all Jewish holy days In either September or October The first is “Rosh Hashanah” (the new year in the Jewish calendar) The second is “Yom Kippor” (when Jews ask God to forgive their sins, they fast that day) 28. Explain the High Holy Days