MIDTERM REVIEW IST 210 Organization of Data IST210 1

Exam Rules 1. The exam will be held at 4:15-5:30pm, on Wednesday 10/07/2015, in IST 110 (75 minutes). Try to come to class a few minutes early. Exam starts at 4:15pm. 2. The exam is close book. No computer or other digital device is allowed. 3. You can bring one double-sided letter-size cheat sheet. You should only have a pen or pencil, an eraser, and one cheat sheet on your desk during the exam. 4. You should sit at your assigned seat during the exam. The seat assignment will be displayed on the screen before the exam. 5. Turn in your midterm exam paper AND the cheat sheet. IST210 2

Exam Content All the exam contents are covered in our slides. We will not test the contents in the textbook but are not in slides. However, if you have problems in understanding the slides, you need to refer to the textbook. This exam will NOT test web-based programming (HTML and PHP). IST210 3

Exam Content Part 1. Choose ONE from the multiple choices. (2 points * 10 = 20 points) Part 2. Normalize a relation (similar to Assignment 1 & 2). (30 points) Describe the modification problems. List the candidate keys and functional dependencies in this relation. Is it a well-formed relation and why? If not, normalize this relation. Part 3. SQL (similar to Assignment 3). (50 points) Write SQL to create a table. Write SQL to insert data. Write SQL to answer queries. IST210 4

Some Tips You should thoroughly understand every assignment. All the assignment solutions are in ANGEL  Lessons  Solutions. You should go through all the examples, in-classes exercises, and review questions in the slides. Do this in the slideshow mode: When you review assignments or examples in slides, do NOT simply read the answer. Try to re-do them, compare your answers with the solution, and learn from the mistakes. You should consider putting some SQL commands on the cheat sheet, especially the template of creating tables. IST210 5

Chapter 1. Introduction to Database Problems with lists: redundancy, multiple themes, modification issues (delete, update, insert) From list to relational database: Break into tables, and join back using the value of the data Know how to query a relational database IST210 6

Chapter 2. The Relational Model Know the characteristics of a relation Know the definitions and synonyms of Table, Row, and Column Understand the definitions of key, composite key, candidate key, primary key, surrogate key, foreign key Know the concept of referential integrity Know the presentation of a relation with primary key (underline) and foreign key (italic) – If you suspect we might not be able to determine your writing of italic font, make a note! Understand functional dependency and definition of determinant, know how to find functional dependencies in a table. Know the principles for normalization and know the steps for normalization process (4 Steps) IST210 7

Chapter 3. SQL The best way to review this chapter is to understand every command in the slides and assignments. Do not only READ SQL. Reading SQL is easy. You have to know how to WRITE SQL by yourself. Try to re-write the SQL for the exercises in slides and assignment. Compare your answer with the solutions to understand the mistakes. It is important to learn from the mistakes! You should write down the SQL statements on the cheat sheet if you think necessary. IST210 8

Chapter 3. SQL Know how to create tables: (1) attribute definitions: data types, not null, unique, default, identity; (2) how to define primary key, foreign key; (3) referential integrity: delete/update cascade/no action. Know what delete/update cascade/no action mean. Delete a table: DROP Know how to insert a data record using SQL. Pay attention to surrogate key and null value. SELECT…FROM…WHERE… SELECT *, DISTINCT WHERE: match criteria, AND, OR, IN, NOT IN, BETWEEN, LIKE, wildcard, IS NULL Sort the results: ORDER BY … ASC/DESC Know how to use the build-in functions: SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, MAX GROUP BY…HAVING… Retrieve information from multiple tables: Subqueries and Joins IST210 9

Questions? IST210 10

GOOD LUCK! IST210 11