Related Issues Three

World’s Population

Ball Game Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs (pg. 210)

Needs vs Wants Needs are basic elements needed to survive. Wants are things that people desire, it is not needed to survive.

What Successful Nations States Do Different Serve citizens through economic stability, peace and security, self-determination and humanitarian activities.

Ball Game

Choices What motivates you? What influences what motivates you? What do you base your choices on? What changes your motivations?

Step 1 Complete Page ( ) in your groups You need to answer questions 1-3. EVERYONE IN Your Group needs to write their own answers.

Groups 1)Wojamo, Ryan, Amber, Alicia 2)Shelly, Riley, Anna 3)Katie, Nate, Cole 4)Talson, Jacob, Spencer 5)Jasper, Sam, Eithan 6)Becca, Shana, Maren, Abi

Step 2 -Using Pages (20-1) in your text book create Malow’s hierarchy of needs for a nation-state. -You may change the shape of the diagram, you may have two shapes one for a democracy and one for a dictatorship. -Your diagram needs to include these 4 topics: Humanitarianism, Self-Determination, Peace and Security and Economic Stability. -For each topic you should define what it includes and give an example of what it would mean for a country to focus on it. -Finish unit outline -Complete 20-1 Pg. 224 Reflect and Respond 20-2 Pg

Ms. Jarema’s Example Economic Stability Definition- Providing stability in the economy to allow a high standard of living. Evidence- high employment = better economy Examples- French Revolution Peace and Security Self-Determination Humanitarianism

Responding to the World Nation-states (countries) have lots of different motivations to consider when deciding how to react to each other. (Harper responding to United States Border Charge) The most common ways a nation-state can respond is isolationism, unilateralism, bilateralism, multilateralism, and supranationalism.

Isolationism To get completely out of world affairs. Individuals, businesses, governments, and the military all stay uninvolved. Examples Japan

Isolationism Like all ideologies most countries do not follow it perfectly. Isolationist is when a country follows this in one policy but not in all polices. Ex. Switzerland in WWI and WWII.

Unilateralism Is when a country does it by itself. Ex. Cold War (United States and USSR)

Bilateralism When two countries attempt to take action together. Ex. Canada and United States coming together to solve acid rain.

Multilateralism Involves several countries working together to solve problems. Favorite power of the middle powers like Chile, Australia and Canada. Example the Kyoto protocol.

Supranationalism Is when you agree to follow international organizations decisions. This will give up sovereignty if you do it every time with out figuring out your own needs. Example EU.

Game Name that RESPONSE For each picture yell out the correct response to international issues.

Country A Country B

Answer Bilateralism

Country A

Answer Unilateralism

Country A Country B Country C Country D

Answer Multilateralism (hint since the arrows don’t touch they still are getting their own choice)

Country A

Answer Isolationism

Country A Country B Country C Country D

Answer Supranationalism

Pop Quiz 1)What are four motives of successful nation states? 2)What type of response did the United States use during the Cold War? 3)What type of response did Japan use in 1854? 4)What type of response do middle power countries tend to use? 5)The EU uses this type of response? 6)This type of response is when two countries come together to form an agreement. What type of response to the world is this?

Internationalism and Issues Regarding Internationalism Human Migration World Governments World Government over time Communication

Human Migration Ways countries get involved Reasons for involvementReasons for noninvolvement Allow Refugee Camps to be set up by the UN Allow for refugees to come to the new country -AID -International organizations and NGO -offer support to one of the countries involved -Reputation -Growth in Population -More ethnicities in a country -humanitarianism Hidden Reasons -religion -political -costly -don’t want to get involved with another countries problems -terrorism -Want to keep a strong ethnic nation, (no one else to come in)

World Governments Ways countries get involved Reasons for involvementReasons for noninvolvement NGO’s International Organizations like the United Nations Trade Agreements Forums To keep peace in the world Security and safety Co-prosperity Greater strength Improved reputation Independence A feeling of individualism May disagree with government in control Give up sovereignty

World Government Over Time The countries can join the UN World Bank The International Court of Justice Ensure peace on the planet Sharing Ideas and keeping an economically stable world Everyone has a part in dealing with Global issues Fair trails for war crimes, genocides, and slavery Lack of military Loss of self-determination of your own gov’t Offers little help to developing countries Give up sovereignty A country can give justice themselves

World Government over Time Ways countries get involved Reasons for involvementReasons for noninvolvement IMF World Bank Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development GATT G8 World Constitution and Parliament Association Prevent economic instability Get help during the hard times Spread wealth fairly Standardize law and mediate disputes Power and prestige less influential To not be assimilated Promotes Western interests International groups lead to greater world problems, especially the G8

Communication Ways countries get involved Reasons for involvementReasons for noninvolvement Pay Money Inventing it Using the available technology Keeping people happy National security Trade Satellites broad cast thousands of channels Communication Technology allows country to not be sheltered Helps boost economic performance in developing countries To be competitive Trade Keep up with other countries Technology costs a lot Worry about military use (satellite spying) Excessive regulations and taxes Difficult to keep track of Hard to control

Free Trade Ways countries get involved Reasons for involvementReasons for noninvolvement Tariffs and Taxes Protectionist Policies International Organizations Trade Blocs (Pacific Rim, EU, NAFTA, FTAA) -Bilateralism- Canada and USA -Unilateralism- China, Japan -Multilateralism- NAFTA -International organization- WTO Industrial Revolution (Mass production) Capitalism Trickledown theory Imperialism (Mercantalism) Cold War -Free Trade destroys undeveloped companies -Economic reasons -islolationism- Japan Protectionism Developing industries can’t compete (Subsidization)

Economic Organizations Are believed to be beneficial due to the idea of a trickle-down effect (economies of developed countries become stronger and more prosperous that prosperity will trickle down to developing countries) World Trade Organization and the EU support this idea

Trickle-Down Effect

Voluntary Balkanization Voluntary Balkanization * The separation of people into groups that have common values. These groups are mean/ violent to people with different opinions. This means that theses groups since they tend to be formed on the internet do not share same experiences and the society is made up of different values so this could harm democratic societies. Pg. 255 Example Norway!

Diseases Ways countries get involved Reasons for involvementReasons for noninvolvement -develop vaccines -develop strategies to prevent spread -banning of travel or imports -Trade, international transport, tourism, crowed cities and refugee camps -save peoples lives -Humanitarianism -Political pressure -Prevent spread -A global pandemic can result in major social, political and economic disruptions -Drug resistance -expensive -don’t have the means -indifference -priorities -Sovereignty or self-choice people do not want to be vaccinated

The Spread of Disease In the past diseases took a long time to spread (Black Death, Flue after WWI) Sars Nov and July 2003 spread to 26 countries and killed 800 people WHO is at the center of international efforts to identify, monitor and control health threats A pandemic is an epidemic that affects many people over a large geographical area WHO set up Global Outbreak Altert and Resoinse Network WHO is called Alarmist due to there predictions about the Avian Influenza

Food Supply Ways countries get involved Reasons for involvementReasons for noninvolvement -foreign aid -NGOs -Trade- share technology -may help the economy -look good to others -personal connections -political pressure -Get different kinds of food -Make more money exporting to countries -expensive -security Hidden- natural resources -Environmental factors -Food Safety

Pop Test 1)Define Internationalism. 2)Place the five responses to internationalism in order from farthest left to farthest right. 3)What is one internationalist reason that the United States should intervene in the Syria? 4)What is one nationalist reason that the United States should not intervene in the Syria?

Dec.11

Poverty Poverty often causes other problems: hunger, disease and conflict Poverty States Oxfam an international NGO has identified five causes of poverty: 1)Lack of education 2)Lack of access to resources 3)Conflict and War 4)Trade Rules (tariffs, bans on imports) 5)Discrimination

Hunger UN organized first World Food Summit countries vowed to reduce by half the number of hungry people in the world UN also set the goal of eradicating extreme hunger and poverty in their millennium goals Experts predict that the efforts will not meet the targets NGO’s are also trying to reduce hunger

Canada and Hunger If 11% of Canadians live in poverty (2007) or Albertan’s used food banks in 2012 should Canadians focus on solving their own problem before worrying about poverty in the rest of the world?

UN When countries join the UN they agree to support the actions of the UN UN requires all members to keep armed forces available for use by the Security Council

Peacekeeping Lester B. Pearson introduced to solve the issue of the Suez Canal Peacekeepers are sent to the area after ceasefire has been negotiated Role is to set up a buffer between the warring groups and observe /report what is happening Help carry out efforts decided by the UN, mostly humanitarian

Rules for Peacekeepers 1)Consent- Peacekeepers must respect the sovereignty of the host country 2)Impartiality- Peacekeepers must not take sides 3)Self- Defence- Peacekeepers may use force only to defend themselves

Peacekeeping Has had failed missions in the 1990s (Serbia and Rwanda) This has lead to the switch to peacemaking where the change would allow: Do not need to remain neutral, my shoot to kill, and their presence does not require consent from the country. The goal is to end armed conflict and human rights abuses

International Law Is meant to help resolve disputes International Law is interpreted by the UN’s International Court of Justice or the World Court Some countries are reluctant to recognize it since they don’t want to surrender their right to make decisions United States does not acknowledge it

Foreign Aid Aid can be used to provide medical supplies, food, clothing and building supplies Or it can be directed toward infrastructure projects Foreign aid works best when the country receiving the aid is involved in the decision making

Aid Lester B Pearson’s 0.7% solution. It challenges the world countries to spend 0.7% of the GNI on foreign aid. Gross national income refers to the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year. Both inside an outside the country GDP= Gross domestic product is the value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year.

Thought Someone steps on a landmine somewhere every 20 minutes. Landmines kill 72 people every day: 90 per cent of victims are civilians and 40 per cent are children. Landmines cost as little as $3 (U.S.) to made but up to $1000 (U.S) to remove. Estimates suggest more than 45 million landmines are still in place around the world.

Landmines (pg.248) Controlling weapons is an important internationalist goal. (nuclear weapons in Iran) Land mines are cheep and an effective method in guerrilla war. Are a huge threat to civilians and to peace keepers UN tried to establish rules for using landmines.

Landmine Rules take landmines out after the war (ignored) UN banned use of landmines (only 14 countries supported this)

Landmines NGO created to remove land mines by an American activist The Ottawa Treaty: This treaty banned the use of landmines and required governments to contribute to removing existing mines.

Landmines By countries signed The Ottawa Treaty but the United States, China, Russia, and India refused to sign. Landmines are necessary for defence.

Odious debt Odious debt is the idea that if a leader places a country in debt for their own benefit the country should not be responsible to pay the debt back.

Odious Debt Probe International an NGO uses these criteria to decide if a debt is odious or not. 1)The debt was incurred without the consent of the people of the state. 2)The debt did not benefit the people of that state. 3)The lender was aware of these two conditions.

Odious Debt Page 281 William Easterly Why is he against allowing countries to not pay back odious debt?

Global Village A single collective of citizens with common interests Do you agree with this idea? Is our world becoming “westernized” or one?

Review

What are the four motivators of successful Nations and Nation-States? 1) Economic Stability 2) Peace and Security 3) Self-determination 4) Humanitarianism

When a country sends aid to another country who is hit by a natural disaster they would be motivated by Humanitarianism

When a country signs an international treaty that promotes free trade they are being motivated by  Economic security

When a country puts economic sanctions on a country that has nuclear weapons they are being motivated by  Peace and security

If a nation joins the UN they are responding by becoming  Supranationalism or multinationalism

If a nation joins the Arab League they are responding by becoming Multilateralism

TermDefinitionExample Sanctions Economic Sanctions Foreign Aid Gross national income and.7 per cent Solution Tied Aid

TermDefinitionExample Sanctionsaction by one state against another to force compliance with an obligation Syria, Iran, Own idea Economic SanctionsCutting off tradeSyria, Libya Own idea Foreign AidCharity from rich countries to poor countries Red cross, UNICEF, Samaritans purse Own Idea Gross national income and.7 per cent Solution Refers to the total value of the goods and services produced by a country in a year. For every $1 Canada makes on their GNI they should committee.70 cents to foreign aid. Tied AidAid given with motives that are based on political interests, or historical relationships. Donor countries issuing credits. Own Idea

Who can influence foreign policy in a democracy? Churches, media, governments of other countries, diplomates and civil servents… (ANYONE!)

How can citizens influence their democratic governments foreign policy?  Voting  Lobbying  Using freedom of speech  Supporting NGOs  Uniting with people who have similar ideas

What is Internationalism?  The idea that all members of the global community accept collective responsibility for the challenges that face the world and that the motives of nations and nation-states must be respected in the search for solutions.

What is the difference between a global village and internationalism?  Technology and globalization have allowed people to become connected into a global group rather then being separated by countries.  Internationalism is the idea we should all work together.

Internationalism + nation- states= Loss of self determination

What was the main reason the UN’s band on land mines was ineffective? Not enough countries supported the international law. Especially the big three (United States, China, Russia)

Do tariffs support internationalism? No they are protectionist

What are the problems with economic sanctions?  Hurt civilians  Take self determination away by trying to influence domestic ideas  Not effective unless everyone joins in

What is odious debt?  If a despotic power occurs a debt not for the needs of the people or in the interest of the state, but to strengthen its despotic regime… this debt is odious.

What is a historic example of a country using a unilateral approach?  Cold War

What transition has happened since WWII?  Shift from protectionism, to globalization, to internationalism  Economically changing to supranaitonalism

What international organization causes members to follow strict agreements when it comes to trade? WTO

What are some humanitarian international organizations?  Doctors with out Boarders  Amnesty International  UNICEFT  International Court of Justice

Which international organizations allow nations to join their groups?  International Organisation of La Francophonie International Organisation of La Francophonie  CWIS CWIS  Artic Council (First Nations)

Which International organizations focus on economics?  IMF  World Bank  World Trade  NAFTA (FTAA)  APEC  EU

Which international organizations focus on peace and security?  NATO  UN Security Council

What is voluntary balkanization? The separation of likeminded people into isolated groups that are hostile to people whose values differ from their own. This separation may result in a loss of shared experiences and values and can harm the structure of democratic societies.

What is the.7 per cent solution?  The amount of money countries should gave in aid based on.7 of their GNI.  GNI is the total value of the goods and services produced by a country in a year, whether inside or outside the country’s borders.

What are some global issues?  Global warming  Spread of disease  Global trading  Resource depletion

What global issue does Kyoto deal with?  Global Warming

Should Canada have kept its agreement to reduce green house gases since they signed the Kyoto Protocol?

Things to Study  NOTES  Slides  Your presentations you made for class