Patentable Innovative Research Ayoade MJ. Oduola University of Ibadan Research Foundation University of Ibadan 11 August 2015 College of medicine Workshop

This Session Presentation 30 minutes Discussions10 minutes Suggestions on way forward

Outline of presentation Why Patent and Innovations? Africa - Economic Statistics Human Genome Sequencing (a landmark in S&T) India Biotechnology Industry–Context of sustainable development Product Areas and Dividends of Biotechnology Example of research areas

Africa Population 1.1 Billion (15% World Population) GDP US$ 2,390 Trillion (2013) GDP Growth 5.16% ( )* GDP Per Capital US$ 2,320 Millionaires 100,000 (1%) People living in poverty <US$1 per day 36.2% Low population Density but growing at an alarming rate. 65 people per square mile

Global Economic Ranking Rank Country (Rank) GDP(Millions US $) IMF 2013 GDP(Millions US $) World Bank US 16,799,70016,800,000 2 China 9,181,377 (n-2) 9,240,270 (n-2) 3 Japan 4,901,5324,901,530 4 Germany 3,635,9593,634,823 7 Brazil 2,242,8542,245, India 1,870,6511,876, Thailand 387,156387, South Africa 350,779350,630 38/23 Nigeria 286,470 ( 38)522,638 (23) "World Economic Outlook""World Economic Outlook". IMF. April 2013 data. National Bureau of Economic Research2014.National Bureau of Economic Research

Global Economic Ranking Rank Country (Rank) GDP(Millions US $) IMF 2013 GDP(Millions US $) World Bank US 16,799,70016,800,000 2 China 9,181,377 (n-2) 9,240,270 (n-2) 3 Japan 4,901,5324,901,530 4 Germany 3,635,9593,634,823 7 Brazil 2,242,8542,245, India 1,870,6511,876, Thailand 387,156387, South Africa 350,779350,630 38/23 Nigeria 286,470 ( 38)522,638 (23) "World Economic Outlook""World Economic Outlook". IMF. April 2013 data. National Bureau of Economic Research2014.National Bureau of Economic Research

The Night

BRICS CountryPopulation GDP (nominal) Literacy rateLiteracy rate Life expectancy Life expectancy (years, avg.) South AfricaSouth Africa 51,770,560$350.8 bn93% [38] [38] 51.2 Russia 143,451,702$2,118.0 bn99.6%70.7 Brazil 201,046,886$2,242.8 bn93.5%74.6 India 1,210,193,422$1,870.6 bn74.04%64.2 China 1,354,040,000$9,181.4 bn95.1% [37] [37] 72.7

BRICS Country GDP per capita (PPP) Governmen t spending ExportsImports South AfricaSouth Africa $11,375$95.27 bn$101.2 bn$106.8 bn Russia $17,708$414.0 bn$542.5 bn$358.1 bn Brazil $13,623$846.6 bn$256.0 bn$238.8 bn India $3,829$281.0 bn$309.1 bn$500.3 bn China $9,161$2,031.0 bn$2,021.0 bn$1,780.0 bn

Promises to All?

Brazil: Leadership in Genomics and Biotechnology in Developing World

INDIA

India: Biotechnology Indian bio-economy 2003USD 530 Million Indian bio-economy 2013 USD 4.3 Billion 30% Growth per year USD 100 billion 2025 Market’s revenues USD 3.31 Billion Market’s Size–13USD 4.3 Billion 28 % Growth in 2013–17 USD 11.6 Billion

India: Key Opportunity Segments Vaccines Bio-Pharma R&D Agri Biotech Therapeutics Bio Services Industrial Biotech Diagnostics Bioinformatics Bio Suppliers

Biotechnology: Key Opportunity Segments Vaccines Bio-Pharma R&D Agri Biotech Therapeutics Bio Services Industrial Biotech Diagnostics Bioinformatics Bio Suppliers

Sequencing bacterial and parasitic pathogens... could buy the sequence of every virulence determinant, every protein antigen and every drug target… for all time. B.R. Bloom (1995) Nature 378, 236 From Genomes to Discovery Gene Structure and function Drugs Vaccines Diagnostics

Comparative database mining Comparative biochemistry & molecular biology Genome Proteome Validated targets MetabolomeTranscriptome DNARNAProtein Metabolites & Macromolecules Target Discovery & Validation Potential targets Genetic validation (essentiality) Chemical validation (selectivity) (added value)

Access to international genomic research resources BROAD Institute, SANGER Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Site 1Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Population Studies Assay Development based on use Population genomics Epidemiological research (4 sites) Identification of drug resistant loci Proteomics (parasite protein & genome) Deployment strategy Assays for parasites in patients Vector population & ITNs Vector modelling Design intervention strategy Development of non-invasive diagnostics (RDTs) Monitoring of insecticide resistance in vectors parasitesvectorspeople Monitoring parasite popul. for drug resistance Current Advances in Basic, Genomic and Clinical Research Assays for markers in parasites Assays for insecticide resistance Entomology Enhance & scale up home, near home management of malaria Monitor impact of depletion of population on malaria transmission Leveraging Genomic and Population Data to Develop Molecular Diagnostic and Surveillance Tools for Home Management of Malaria Evaluation & validation

Makler et. Al Parasitology Today. 14:9,

parasitesvectors Strategic, Pragmatic and Effective Home management of Malaria ITN, Iptp, Ipti people Research Centres Testing Centres All Centres Capacity building Post docs, PHDs, Tech and infrastructure MD1 Vector Control InsecticidesVector population Malaria transmission Mosquito population Dynamics Experimental Design Field Evaluation Strategy to use ITNs Deployment Strategy Model MD2 Administrative & Data Cores Access to international genomic research resources BROAD Institute, SANGER Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Non Invasive Diagnostics Proteomics Proteins Evaluation & Validation Genome Validation Deployment Strategy Assay Development Diagnostics parasitespeople Leverage advances in genomics, clinical & basic research and population genetics for public health through:

The Night

Spending on Science & Technology AU in 2007 –recommended 1 per cent of GDP to research and development by 2020 Sub-Saharan African countries spent on average 0.3% North African countries spend a comparative 0.4% South Africa spends 0.87% of GDP on science and technology research.

Source: AFRICAN INNOVATION OUTLOOK II/OECD

The economy of Africa consists of the trade, industry, agriculture, and human resources of the continent

The University of Ibadan: Measures of Academic Excellence I Student Population20,000 Academic Staff Strength1400 Number of students graduated187,255 Number of Publications Per year300 InfrastructureFair/Good Contributions to National Development Commendable

World Competitiveness Yearbook 2010 The World Competitiveness Yearbook measures 58 countries on the basis of 327 criteria. The International Institute for Management Development reports that Singapore, Hong Kong and the US come out on top in the World Competitiveness Rankings, while South Africa improved its position to 44th place.International Institute for Management Development The Economist

Domac, Richards and Risovics, Biomas and Bioenergy 28: Why Invest in Energy Research?