Bell Ringer Question  Is society better run when there is a clear power structure in place or when everyone is equal?

 Russian Revolution Ms. Rendek and Mr. Bell

Communism  ALL property belongs to the community or state  Control of all social, economic, and political policies

Leaders of Russia  Czar Nicholas II and Czarina Alexandra

RUSSIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE AFTER THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TSAR LANDED NOBLESCLERGY CAPITALISTSBIG BUSINESSMEN INDUSTRIAL WORKING CLASS PEASANTS

RUSSIA ENTERS WWI IN 1914 DO NOT WRITE  USE OF PATRIOTIC SLOGANS ABOUT PROTECTING THEIR COUNTRY  OPPONENTS WERE DENOUNCED AS TRAITORS

WHAT A DISASTER!!!  15 MILLION MEN GO TO WAR  RUSSIAN INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE CAN’T KEEP UP WITH PRODUCTION NEEDS  INFLATION AND FAMINE AT HOME  RUSSIA SUFFERS NUMEROUS MILITARY DEFEATS  NICHOLAS APPOINTS HIMSELF LEADER OF MILITARY

March Revolution  Working class women in Petrograd lead strikes due to rationing of bread – want an end to regime  Movement grows – others join including soldiers  Czar and family removed – create a new government  300 year Romanov dynasty ended

People growing unruly…  Want an end to the war  Want more rights  New government was not making changes!  “Soviets” begin to emerge and challenge government – councils made of workers and soldiers

V.I. LENIN  Inspired by teachings of Marx; leads Bolsheviks (faction of Marxist Party)  Wants to use Soviets to have violent revolution and destroy capitalism  Topples new government by preaching “PEACE, LAND, AND BREAD!”

THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION 1917  LENIN’S BOLSHEVIK PARTY STORMS THE WINTER PALACE AND TAKE CONTROL OF RUSSIA FROM THE NEW GOVERNMENT  THE GOAL WAS TO GET WORKING CLASSES EVERYWHERE TO REVOLT

Civil War in Russia  Some people oppose communist regime  Try to fight and reestablish the monarchy  Bolsheviks respond with force  End up murdering Czar’s family

As you watch the video…  What most contributed to the Czar’s downfall? What should he have done differently?

Why Russian Revolution was a Success:  Well-disciplined military force  Disunity of anti-Communist forces  Clear sense of purpose  Control of central aspects of the state – banks, production, politics  Revolutionary Terror – Red secret police  Russian patriotism

Closure  What most allowed for the Russian Revolution to be a success?

 Conditions in Europe in the Interwar Period Ms. Rendek and Mr. Bell

Think with your partner…  What issues would Germany be facing following the end of WWI? How might this influence daily life in Germany?

League of Nations  International organization dedicated to solving conflicts and promoting peace  What does this sound similar to?  Promoted by Woodrow Wilson, but US never formally joined

Weak League of Nations – Why?  Not all countries joined the League.  The League had no power.  The League had no army.  Unable to act quickly.  Why do you think this is an issue?

German-French Rivalry  French want Germans to pay reparations  Germans experience financial issues – can not pay  French forcefully occupy Ruhr Valley – area with industry and mining  Collect reparations by taking German resources

Great Depression  Downturn in economies of nations – food prices, overproduction  International financial crisis with crash of US stock market  Effects all countries – interconnected markets

Inflation in Germany  Start printing more money  Leads to inflation – rise in prices and worth of currency

A Positive?  Kellogg-Briand Pact – pledge of 63 nations to abandon war as a tactic of political policy

Democratic States  Weimar Republic: Democratic government in Germany after WWI  Many people do not like Weimar Republic  Blamed for inflation and high unemployment  New government, so somewhat unstable

Reading and Questions

Closure  How might these conditions lead to the emergence of strong leaders?

 Rise of Adolf Hitler Ms. Rendek and Mr. Bell

Remember….  What were some of the issues that Germany was facing?

Development of the Nazi Party  Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) or Nazi Party  Sent to jail – develops political philosophy that power must be achieved legally

Hitler Gains Power  Expands support for party  Promise of a new Germany through emotional speeches  Powerful and threatening Nazi Party – other parties need support to control it

How Did Hitler Become Chancellor?

Enabling Act  Allows government to ignore constitution for four years to accommodate to nation’s issues  How does this contribute to Hitler becoming a dictator?

Hitler’s Initial Objectives 1. Unification 2. “Purification” 3. Expansion

Hitler’s Objective  Unification  unite all German speaking people

Hitler’s Objectives 2. Purification – promotion and creation of one Aryan race in Germany

Hitler’s Objectives  3. Expansion – Expand German lands to create a third German Empire (Third Reich)

How is this accomplished?  Maintain Order - Guard Squadrons (The SS)  Gestapo – Secret Police under the SS  Appeal to the general public  Major spectacles (ex: parades)  Terror  Hitler Youth

Video Questions  How does the creation of Hitler Youth reflect Hitler’s objectives?  Why would he target children to help with his movement? 

Closure  Had the Treaty of Versailles been less discriminatory, do you think Hitler would have been able to rise to power? Why or why not?