TO MAKE MORE HUMANS!!!

 Produces Male GAMETE –SPERM  Produces hormone TESTOSTERONE Sac containing TESTES – Keeps sperm 1-2 degrees cooler than body temp

–Located on testes –STORES SPERM –Duct (tube) carries SPERM only –to Urethra

With help of Seminal Vesicle and Cowpers gland Produce Seminal Fluid

Functions of Seminal Fluid Fluid the sperm swim in Provides nutrients for sperm Neutralizes acidity of the female reproductive tract (buffer)

***SHARED TUBE**** - Carries SPERM AND - Carries URINE to the outside of the body Allows for internal fertilization

- SPERMSPERM

Sperm can swim 9 cm an hour! Takes sperm ~45 minutes to get to the egg! Can stay alive in female repro. tract for 5 days!

…a BULL can release up to 5 Billion sperm?!! A pig can release up to 8 Billion! (humans 250 million) …horse sperm can live 144 hours?! Bat sperm can live 135 days! …fruit flies have the biggest sperm (58mm)!

-Produces Female Gamete -Eggs!! -Produces Female Hormones -Estrogen -Progesterone

“Egg Tube” –Carries egg to Uterus *** FERTILIZATION OCCURS HERE***

Thick Muscular Wall Breaks down and Builds up during menstrual cycle ***DEVELOPMENT OCCURS HERE***

Narrow opening at end of uterus  Female reproductive organ  Birth Canal

Female Reproductive System vagina cervix uterus Fallopian tube/oviduct ovary

Cycle that gets female body ready for pregnancy

– Controlled by hormones – Estrogen and progesterone – (LH and FSH too) – Length of time between cycles is 28 days

Menstrual Cycle Day –Menstruation starts –Uterine lining decreases in thickness to its minimum Day –Lining becomes thicker with increased blood supply –Day 14 : ovulation Day –Lining remains thick to ready for implantation of fertilized ovum Day 28 –No implantation of fertilization ovum –Uterine lining breaks down; menstruation starts

Fertilization occurs– Menstrual Cycle stops, development of fetus begins No fertilization occurs– Female breaks down uterus, and begins cycle again

- Follicle selected to mature a single egg

The release of an egg from an ovary

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What is left in follicle after egg is released Releases progesterone to keep uterine wall thick

IF NO fertilization occurs menstruation begins Breakdown of the uterine wall, release of wall, blood, and broken apart egg

It is believed that in times past, women’s periods corresponded with the phases of the moon, with ovulation at full moon and menstruation at the new moon. Its not crazy to think that before artificial light, hormone fluctuations may have been more closely governed by not only daily cycles but by regular monthly cycles. Who among us has not witnessed the powerful effect that the moon’s phases exert on earth’s largest water body, the ocean? It is no stretch to suppose the ebb and flow of fluid in our own bodies — largely composed of water — would be similarly influenced.

PRE MENSTRUAL SYNDROME Usually occurs 1-2 weeks before period starts acne bloating fatigue backaches sore breasts headaches constipation diarrhea food cravings depression or feeling blue irritability mood swings difficulty concentrating difficulty handling stress feeling tense trouble sleeping

Male sperm + Female Egg FERTILIZATION  forms ZYGOTE (fertilized egg)

– Fertilization – sperm + egg 2 - Zygote – fertilized egg Cleavage – mitosis division after fertilization 6 - Blastula – hollow ball of cells (identical) 7 - Gastrula – Different cell layers Gastrulation – forming of different cell layers 8 - Differentiation – Different types of cells, still have same DNA

Different Layers become Ecto – Skin and Nervous Meso – Bones, muscles and circulatory Endo – Digestive, respiratory A? B?

Label the following

Do practice questions.

Factors that can Affect the DEVELOPING fetus Mother’s: –Nutrition – lack of nutrients –Alcohol – slow development –Drugs and Tobacco – disrupt development When is the fetus affected most?? –Early in pregnancy Why??? –Important structures are developing

Explain why consumption of alcoholic beverages by a pregnant woman is likely to be more harmful to her fetus than to herself.

6 7 1 – Cervix 2 – Umbilical Cord 3 – Placenta 4 – Fallopian Tube 5 – Amnionic Fluid/sac 6 – Vagina (Birth Canal) 7 - Uterus

1 – Cervix 2 – Umbilical Cord 3 – Placenta 4 – Fallopian Tube 5 – Amnionic Fluid/sac 6 – Vagina (Birth Canal) 7 - Uterus 6 7

1 – Cervix – narrow opening to birth canal 2 – Umbilical Cord – connects fetus to placenta 3 – Placenta – EXCHANGE of nutrients and wastes by diffusion from mothers blood to fetus’s blood (NOT MIXING of BLOOD) 4 – Fallopian Tube – where fertilization occurs 5 – Amnionic Fluid/sac – Cushions protects fetus 6 – Vagina – Birth Canal – Baby comes out of!!!! 7 – Uterus – Where development of fetus occurs

Human Reproduction Main Ideas Male System: main structures & functions Testes Vas deferens Urethra Female System: main structures & functions Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Placenta Menstrual Cycle: Why 2 main structures involved Development Early vs. late Effects on