Chapter 7 Religion Pages 193-236. Field Note: The Soviet Union came to be during the 1920s. The Soviet Union dissolved in 1991 and the republics became.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
From the Hearth of the Eastern Mediterranean
Advertisements

From the Hearth of Huang He (Yellow) River Valley.
AP Human Geography. What is religion? Religion is a set of common beliefs and practices generally held by a group of people. Religion is human beings'
Class 7b: Geographies of Religion. Religion and culture Everyone has values and morals Religion means worship, faith in the sacred or divine Mentifacts:
Influence of World Religions in the Contemporary World
Religion Flashcards WG SOL Review. What is a hajj?
Religion Chapter 7.
Do Now: Can secular society exist alongside traditional and fundamentalist religious sects and states?
Religion Chapter 1.
The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5: Religion.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6: Religion The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography.
Religion Chapter 6 An Introduction to Human Geography
There may be some extra words in the presentation: Do NOT write them down. Religion.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.. Survey details  79 students were polled in an anonymous religious survey asking 6 questions.  The students were all.
RELIGION Chapter 7.
Chapter 7: Religion Alex Matthews. What is Religion? “A system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate.
Religion Chapter 7.
Religion Religion is a system of beliefs and practices that help people make sense of the universe and their place in it Why would people need to make.
 Originated ~ 1500 B.C. in India (oldest religion, traced back to Indus Valley civilization)  Founder – none (none known…)  Holy Text – Vedas.
RELIGION Chapter 7 Bellringer Question (answer in your notebook): What religion do you/your family practice? How important is religion to your identity?
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Religion Flashcards WG SOL Review. What the main religion of China?
RELIGION More than any other culture trait, religion defines who we are. It h helps us attempt to understand a people (why they do the things they do.)
Warmup Match the area with the hearth. –Islam –Hinduism –Judaism.
Essay Questions Compare the impact of Christianity and Islam on the landscape. In what ways is Judaism an ethnic religion? How do different religions incorporate.
Religion: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
3 Abrahamic Religions Judaism Christianity Islam All 3 religions have sacred ties to the city of Jerusalem in Israel. –Monotheistic (belief in one God.
Chapter 7 Religion. What is religion and what role does it play in culture? Religion- set of beliefs and practices that order your life –Creates ideas.
Muslim World.
Chapter 4, Section 1 Elements of Culture.
Religion Chapter 7. What is Religion and What Role does it Play in Culture? Key Question:
Religion Josh. Define religion in three words Worship Gods Meaning Praying Believing Books/testaments/torah.
World Religions. From the Hearth of South Asia Hinduism – originated in Indus River Valley over 4000 years ago. * ritual bathing, karma, reincarnation.
Religion Chapter 6. What is Religion and What Role does it Play in Culture? Key Question:
Religion Presentation created by Robert L. Martinez Primary Content Source: McDougal Littell World Geography.
Religion Chapter 6. What is Religion? “a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities.”
Religion. Religion “a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities.” - Stoddard and.
Religions of the Middle East
RELIGION Chapter 7. Religion: “A system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities” --
Key Question What is religion, and what role does it play in culture? © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key Question How is religion seen in the cultural landscape? © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Religion Chapter 7. What is Religion and What Role does it Play in Culture? Key Question:
European Religions  Three major religions in Europe  Christianity, Judaism, and Islam  All 3 are monotheistic.
Unit 3b: Culture Global Religions and Power Subjugation Kailyn Deitz, Lyndsey Newport, Holly Zoeller.
Chapter 6 Religion.
RELIGION Chapter 7. Religion: “A system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities” --
Religion: Hearths & Diffusion
Chapter 7 Religion Pages
Judaism, Christianity, & Islam
Judaism, Christianity, & Islam
RELIGION Chapter 7.
Key Issue 1 Where Are Religions Distributed?
Objectives for the Day Identify the main ideas behind the five major world religions Discuss the ways that religion has left its cultural imprint on earth.
Religious Landscapes in the United States
Buddhism is mixed with local religions in some places
Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture, 11th Edition
North Africa and Southwest Asia
Semester Exam Review Part II- Chapters 5-7.
What Role does Religion play in Political Conflicts?
Chapter 7 review.
Religion Chapter 7.
Chapter 6- Religions Review
Learning Targets: 1. Describe the selected cultural characteristics of Europe. B. Identify the major religions in Europe: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography
Religion Day 1.
11/16 Bellringer +5 sentences
Chapter 7 review.
North Africa and Southwest Asia
APHG Cultural Variations
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 7 Religion Pages

Field Note: The Soviet Union came to be during the 1920s. The Soviet Union dissolved in 1991 and the republics became independent states, ethnic strife broke out almost immediately. In 1996, the Russian Orthodox Church rebuilt the Cathedral of Christ the Savior two blocks from the Kremlin.

Religion; how different religions dispose of the deceased Religion is one of the most complex and controvesial aspects of the human condition Hindus: Cremate… reincarnation Christians & Jews Bury… Cmemteries, crosses, tombs, mosoleums In largely Christian, western regions, the deceased are buried in large, sometimes elaborate cemeteries.

Centrality of Religious Landmarks Centrality = in the center… of city & of cultural life Why were churches, mosques, & Synagogues built in or near the center of the towns? –Importance and ease of access for all followers One of common rituals between Judaism, Hinduism, and Christianity is the concept of prayer.

What religious symbols are evident in landscapes? Islam: Domes and minarets, Grand Mosque in Mecca, Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem Hinduism: Crematoriums, shrines Christianity: Toponyms (St. Thomas), Steeples, Crosses, Cemetaries Judaism: Synagogues, Domes, Star of David, Menorahs, Yarmulkahs, cemeteries Wailing Wall Buddhism: Stupas, Wats

Western Wall, Jerusalem… Wailing wall. Dome of the Rock in the background… With Minaret

Jewish neighborhoods in European Cities the Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague, the Czech Republic

Synagogues

Religion’s impact in history and culture is evident in its centrality in many places. Secularism is now prevailed in some societies. The cathedral in Antwerp was built beginning in 1352 and still dominates the central part of town.

Disposition of the Deceased - Each religion approaches the disposition of the deceased in different ways, and cultural landscapes reflect the religious traditions. Hindu crematorium in Mombasa, Kenya

Hindu Temple – Angkor Wat, Cambodia. This temple suffers from neglect and destruction now, as Buddhism has supplanted Hinduism in most of Cambodia.

Buddhist Stupas - 72 stupas, each containing a sculpture of the Buddha in meditation were built around 800 CE and still stand in Borobudur, Indonesia

Buddhism is mixed with local religions in some places. In Japan, Buddhism is mixed with the local religion, Shintoism. Shinto Shrine In Kyoto, Japan, this Shinto shrine is visible after walking through a torii – a gateway usually formed by two wooden posts and topped by two horizontal beams.

Classifications of Religions Monotheistic religions – worship a single deity. (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Zoroastrianism) Polytheistic religions – worship more than one deity, even thousands. (Hinduism) Animistic religions – belief that inanimate objects posses spirits and should be revered. (Tribal and Indigenous religions) In an ethnic religion, adherents are born into the faith and converts are not actively sought.

15 From the Hearth of South Asia

Hinduism – originated in Indus River Valley what is now Pakistan over 4000 years ago. * ritual bathing, karma, reincarnation ranks 3rd after christianity and islam as a world religion. Mainly found in India. sacred text: Vedas sacred sites: Ganges River, Varanasi social manifestation: caste system diffusion: through South Asia and into Southeast Asia also exists where Indians have migrated to.

Ganges River in Holy City of Varanasi 17

This map shows the hearths and major routes of diffusion of the four major world religions.

Angkor Wat in Cambodia was built by Hindu Migrants around It marks the earliest period of Hinduism’s diffusion into Southeast Asia.

From the Hearth of South Asia Buddhism – splintered from Hinduism about 2500 years ago. Originated in a region from Nepal south to the Ganges River area. Buddhists believe anyone can achieve salvation and reach enlightenment founder: Siddartha Gautama (the Buddha) sacred sites: stupas diffusion: most strongly into Tibet in the north and into East Asia, common in Japan

Buddhism spread into Southeast Asia with early land and sea traders, which is common in Japan today.

From the Hearth of Huang He River Valley

Taoism – originated in China more than 2500 years ago Taoists believe in oneness of humanity and nature founder: Lao-Tsu sacred text: “Book of the Way” social manifestation: Feng Shui - art and science of organizing living space in order to channel the life forces that exist in nature. diffusion: East Asia

From the Hearth of Huang He River Valley Confucianism – originated in China about 2500 years ago * real meaning of life lay in the present founder: Confucius sacred text: “Confucian Classics” diffusion: Korean Peninsula, Japan, and Southeast Asia

From the Hearth of the Eastern Mediterranean

Judaism – originated in Southwest Asia about 4000 years ago. * first major monotheistic religion, covenant between God and Abraham. sacred text: Torah founder: Abraham sacred sites: Jerusalem (Western Wall), the land between the Mediterranean and the Jordan River social manifestation: Zionism diffusion: into European cities during the Diaspora, into North America during WWII, and into Israel.

From the Hearth of the Eastern Mediterranean Christianity – originated in Southwest Asia about 2000 years ago. * monotheistic religion, follow teachings of Jesus to achieve eternal life sacred text: Bible founder: Jesus (son of God) sacred sites: Bethlehem, Jerusalem split in the church: * split into Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches in 1054 * Protestant (Martin Luther) sects split off in 1400s and 1500s diffusion: into Western Europe, and then world wide during colonialism and after.

Christianity spread throughout Roman Empire, it split into Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic leaving eastern Europe (except Romania) Orthodox and Western Europe Catholic. Luther’s reformation (Protestant) splits from the Catholic Church bringing the Protestant religions to Germany and Henry VIII’s split to England. Protestantism and Catholicism spread with Colonialism.

First Split in Christianity, 1054 CE Western Roman empire = Roman Catholicism Eastern Roman empire = Eastern Orthodox

Religions of Europe Protestant = Purple Blue = Catholicism Red = Orthodxy Green = Islam

Religions in Switzerland concentrations of Catholics and Protestants by canton and commune in Switzerland.

From the Hearth of the Eastern Mediterranean Islam – originated on Arabian peninsula about 1500 years ago. * monotheistic religion, revelations Muhammad received from Allah, Five Pillars. sacred text: Qu’ran founder: Muhammad sacred sites: Mecca, Medina, Jerusalemsplit in the church: * shortly after Muhammad’s death, split into Sunni Muslims (great majority) Shi’ite Muslims (concentrated in Iran) diffusion: across Arabian peninsula, across North Africa, into Spain and also east into Southeast Asia

Diffusion of Islam

Minaret stands on the Sabah State Mosque in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia and creates a strong Muslim imprint on the cultural landscape of the city.

Diffusion of Islam into Europe large mosque in Paris signifies the Islamic migration to France over the past several decades.

Shamanism – a community faith tradition in which people follow their shaman, a religious leader, teacher, healer, and visionary. Unlike Christianity or Islam, Shamanist faiths are small and comparatively isolated. Shamanism is a traditional religion, an intimate part of a local culture or society, but not all traditional religions are shamanist. Shamanist

The Former Yugoslavia Genocide Ethnic Cleansing

The Former Yugoslavia Genocide Ethnic Cleansing

The Former Yugoslavia Slovenians and Croats - Catholic Serbians and Montenegrans- Eastern Orthodox Yugoslavia means “land of the South Laws” The country was formed in the aftermath of WW1 before After 1945, Yugoslavia was under the control of Josip Broz Tito Tito died in 1980, and Slobodan Milosevic ruled for the benefits of the serbs “Ethnic Cleansing”- came into use to describe the outer Bosnian Muslims and others from their homes and lands

The Former Yugoslavia More than 2.5million Bosnians were driven out from their homes. the international community belatedly became involved Countries joined United Nations: Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro, Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 2003, Yugoslavia disappeared and was replaced by Serbia and Montenegro. A final development unfolded when a group of muslims in Kosovo demaned autonomy. This led to the founding new state of Kosovo.

Northern Ireland Identities are tied to Religion, but are deepened by: -Economics -colonial experiences -activity spaces (segregation)

Northern Ireland northern Ireland and Great Britain form the United Kingdom Colonization began in the 16th century During the 1800’s, migrants were drawn to NE Ireland where industrial jobs and opportunities were high. In the late 1800’s Irish Catholics began reinvigorating Celtic and Irish traditions The Protestant majority in N Ireland constituted two thirds of its population Frederick Boal wrote a seminal work in 1969 on the Northern Irish.

Northern Ireland The ongoing conflict between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland made little sense In 1990s Boal updated his study of Northern Ireland and found hope for a resolution April 1998, the adoption of the Anglo-Irish peace agreement was made, also known as Belfast agreement & Good Friday

Religious Fundamentalism and Extremism Religious fundamentalism – a return to the basics of their faith. found in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Religious extremism – fundamentalism carried to the point of violence. found in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam

Christianity Among the issues giving rise to disputes include -birth control -family planning -role of women in religious bureaucracy ●In the US, Christian fundamentalism is also associated with protestant faiths. ●protestant churches have become increasingly active in political and social arguments ●Woman are not allowed to serve as priests in roman catholic religion

Judaism has fundamentalist sects one major is orthodox jewish extremist groups include: Kach and Kahane Chai followers Rabbai Kahane espoused anti-arabism in his teachings, and his followers (Kahane Chai) continued to do so. Members of Kach or Katherine Chai are suspected in several terrorists acts in Israel

Islamic Extremists and Jihad an Islamic holy war against the West

Islam Shar’ia Laws-The system of islamic law, sometimes called the Qu’ranic law. It is based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Qu’ran. Jihad- Islamic Holy war The taliban in Afghanistan provided a haven for the activities of islamic extremists. Wahhabi Islam is the opposition belief as to what was seen as sacrilegious practices during the Ottoman rule.

The Former Yugoslavia Slovenians and Croats - Catholic Serbians and Montenegrans- Eastern Orthodox Yugoslavia means “land of the South Laws” The country was formed in the aftermath of WW1 before After 1945, Yugoslavia was under the control of Josip Broz Tito Tito died in 1980, and Slobodan Milosevic ruled for the benefits of the serbs “Ethnic Cleansing”- came into use to describe the outer Bosnian Muslims and others from their homes and lands

The Former Yugoslavia More than 2.5million Bosnians were driven out from their homes. the international community belatedly became involved Countries joined United Nations: Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro, Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 2003, Yugoslavia disappeard and was replaced by Serbia and Montenegro. A final development unfolded when a gorup of muslims in Kosovo demaned autonomy. This led to the founding new state of Kosovo.

Northern Ireland Identities are tied to Religion, but are deepened by: -Economics -colonial experiences -activity spaces (segregation)

Northern Ireland northern Ireland and Great Britain form the United Kingdom Colonization began in the 16th century During the 1800’s, migrants were drawn to NE Ireland where industrial jobs and opportunities were high. In the late 1800’s Irish Catholics began reinvigorating Celtic and Irish traditions The Protestant majority in N Ireland constituted two thirds of its population Frederick Boal wrote a seminal work in 1969 on the Northern Irish.

Northern Ireland The ongoing conflict between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland made little sense In 1990s Boal updated his study of Northern Ireland and found hope for a resolution April 1998, the adoption of the Anglo-Irish peace agreement was made, also known as Belfast agreement & Good Friday

Religious Fundamentalism and Extremism Religious fundamentalism – a return to the basics of their faith. found in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Religious extremism – fundamentalism carried to the point of violence. found in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam

Christianity Among the issues giving rise to disputes include -birth control -family planning -role of women in religious bureaucracy ●In the US, Christian fundamentalism is also associated with protestant faiths. ●protestant churches have become increasingly active in political and social arguments ●Woman are not allowed to serve as priests in roman catholic religion

Judaism has fundamentalist sects one major is orthodox jewish extremist groups include: Kach and Kahane Chai followers Rabbai Kahane espoused anti-arabism in his teachings, and his followers (Kahane Chai) continued to do so. Members of Kach or Katherine Chai are suspected in several terrorists acts in Israel

Islamic Extremists and Jihad an Islamic holy war against the West

Islam Shar’ia Laws-The system of islamic law, sometimes called the Qu’ranic law. It is based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Qu’ran. Jihad- Islamic Holy war The taliban in Afghanistan provided a haven for the activities of islamic extremists. Wahhabi Islam is the opposition belief as to what was seen as sacrilegious practices during the Ottoman rule.

Interfaith Boundary in Africa

Religious Landscapes in the United States

Protestant and Catholic Landscapes in the United States Scandinavian Lutheran Church. Simple architecture common in Protestant church's in Great Plains (on left) St. Mary’s Catholic Church. More decorative structure with stained glass is mostly found in Catholic Churches in Great Plains. (on right)

Sacred Landscapes of Islam Muslim Mosques Dome of this mosque in Isfahan, Iran demonstrates the importance of geometric art and calligraphy evident in Muslim architecture. Example of Islam's greatest artistic expression

The Hajj The well known Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the 5 pillars of Islam. Pilgrims circle the holy Kaaba in the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia during the Hajj.

More about Islam Beautifully designed mosques in the cities 5 times a day the faithful pray at the Minarets All Muslims must make the journey to Mecca once in their lifetime (if able) Some sects of Islam believe in ziarats (non- hajj pilgrimages)

Choose a pilgrimage site, such as Mecca, Vatican City, or the Western Wall, and describe how the act of pilgrimage (in some cases by millions) alters this place’s cultural landscape and environment.

What Role does Religion play in Political Conflicts? Key Question:

Government Impact on Religion The Soviet Union: -Had an official policy of atheism -Discouraged religious practice -Drew boundaries for political control that separated ethnic groups in small areas

Armenia and Azerbaijan Soviet Union’s divide-and-diminish plan

Conflicts along Religious Borders Interfaith Boundaries –Boundaries between the world’s major faiths. (Northern Ireland and North Africa) –Some see religious differences as a source of social division. Intrafaith Boundaries –Boundaries within a single major faith. (Sunnis & Shiites in Iraq)

Israel and Palestine Region with one of the largest religious conflict in the world. By the late 1940's the Jews and Palestinians started open warfare between each other. Due to the Arab-Israeli war, Israel gained control of some Palestinian lands (Gaza strip)

Landscapes of Settlements Israelis have had a policy of building settlements for Jews in the Occupied Territories

Landscape of the Gaza Strip, 2005 In 2005, the Israeli government pulled out of the Gaza Strip, burning down Jewish settlements and handing control over back to the Palestinians.

The West Bank with a the proposed security wall, parts of which the Israeli government has already built.

The Horn of Africa Amharic (Coptic) Christianity is in central Ethiopia Islam diffused into the Horn of Africa Indigenous religions remain in pockets,

The Former Yugoslavia Genocide Ethnic Cleansing Many religious & linguistic fault lines in this area. The Balkan Peninsula is the dividing line between language in Europe.

Northern Ireland Mix between Celtic and Roman Catholic Identities are tied to Religion, but are deepened by:  Economics  colonial experiences - activity spaces (segregation)