Catalyst 1.What is biotechnology? 2.What are examples of biotechnology? What impacts has biotechnology had on humans? 3.Define transgenic organism. 4.What is a GMO?

1.A scientist has isolated a gene within a cold water fish that helps the fish withstand extremely cold temperatures. How much this scientist use this gene to improve the survival of plants that are easily damaged by cold weather? A.Spray the crops with the new gene. B.Insert the gene into the mitochondria of the plant cells. C.Inject the desired gene into the chromosome of the plant cell. D.Exchange all the plant chromosomes with the fish chromosomes.

The DNA that controls the protein synthesis of a cell is located in the (nucleus/mitochondria) of a cell.

4. How can gene therapy positively impact society? A.by producing insulin using bacteria B.by creating fingerprints of criminals C.by mapping all genes in the human population D.by treating genetic disorders with the insertion of normal genes

Agenda Review – Biotechnology Notes – Gel Electrophoresis Who is the dolphin daddy? Small group work Class discussion Exit Ticket

Biotechnology Technology based on biology – technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet Medicines, pesticides, vaccines, monitors/regulators, joint or bone replacements

Genes code for diseases …. If we could read people’s genes, we could predict if they would get a disease or have a mutation… BUT we have to know what normal genes look like! …To compare the genes.

The Human Genome Project Human Genome Project identified all the normal, healthy genes in human DNA Gene map Human genome project helps us know if somebody has a genetic disease Compare healthy DNA to mutated DNA

Stem Cell Using undifferentiated cells to grow specialized cells – Growth – Repair (wear and tear; injury) – Fighting disease

GMO Genetically Modified Organism The result of a laboratory process where genes from the DNA of one species are extracted and artificially forced into the genes of an unrelated plant or animal

+ Transgenic Organisms

Bacterial Transformation Bacteria have circular DNA called a plasmid STEPS: 1. Restriction enzymes cut DNA in specific places 2. A vector, or a virus, delivers the new gene into the bacteria 3. The new genes are inserted into the bacteria’s DNA 4. The bacteria begins to express proteins from the new genes

Cloning Makes identical copies of an organism The chromosome number of the new organism would be exactly identical to the old organism All of the DNA, features and characteristics would be the same

Agenda Review – Biotechnology Notes – Gel Electrophoresis Who is the dolphin daddy? Small group work Class discussion Exit Ticket

Gel Electrophoresis I can understand the use of gel electrophoresis.

DNA DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid Carries genes that code for specific directions to make ALL the proteins in a body Gives individuals their own genetic identity Double helix (twisted ladder) Chain of nucleotides Sugar-phosphate backbone Nitrogenous base middle A  T C  G A  T C  G

Gel Electrophoresis Electrophoresis is used to compare 2 individual’s DNA Who committed a crime Who is the baby’s father (paternity) Identifying and cataloging endangered species Is the blue beetle related to the endangered African beetle?

Gel Electrophoresis 1. Cut DNA with restriction enzymes into different sizes 1. Separate DNA using electricity smallest pieces move furthest because the small pieces of DNA are not as heavy 3. Compare sequences. If the segments match or are the same size then the DNA is the same.

Cut DNA using RESTRICTION ENZYMES

Gel Electrophoresis Who slashed the tires on Usher’s new Lamborghini?

Who is the dad? baby Kim P Diddy Kanye

Agenda Review – Biotechnology Notes – Gel Electrophoresis Who is the dolphin daddy? Small group work Class discussion Exit Ticket

Who is the dolphin daddy? Work in groups of 3 to figure out who is the daddy dolphin. READ THE BACKGROUND AND DIRECTIONS BEFORE BEGINNING

Cut DNA using RESTRICTION ENZYMES

Exit Ticket

1.Gel electrophoresis can be used to analyze DNA. Which best represents a use of this process? a.to determine whether an allele is present b.to identify the sequence of DNA nitrogenous bases c.to compare DNA sequences from two different individuals d.to provide the number of chromosomes present in an individual 2. A scientist has uncovered a new breed of insect. In order to determine what species the new insect is most closely related to, what type of information must the scientist obtain? a.Karyotype b.Photos of insects c.Punnett square data d.DNA electrophoresis results

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