Global Industrial Zones Daniels

Northeastern US and Southeastern Canada

New England

 Historically had some site and situation advantages that made it successful.  NE benefited from cheap labor from early immigrants – Boston as entry point to US  Boston region – textiles  Power came from rivers

New England  Large factories were set up in towns  Pay was good, life difficult  Lived in factory housing  Children used to clean lint from textile machines while still running.  Leads to child labor laws in US

The Middle Atlantic

 Megalopolis  Large Urban Areas of Boston, Hartford, NYC, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Baltimore and DC  Contains largest population = large pool of available labor for factories  Large market to purchase manufactured goods

New Jersey

Hydroelectric Power

The Eastern Great Lakes  SE portions of Canada, Pittsburgh, Upstate NY and Niagara Falls  Ideal location, barge in iron ore from Great Lakes, to port in Erie, PA. Put on trains to Pittsburgh; finished steel shipped on barges out on Ohio River or train.

Three Rivers; Pittsburgh

The Ohio River

The Eastern Great Lakes  SE Portion of Canada extending from St. Lawrence Seaway including Hamilton, Toronto and Montreal – valuable industrial land  Majority of Canadian population lives in this area  NAFTA allows for easy shipment across the border to the US  St. Lawrence Seaway – easy access to Atlantic Ocean

St. Lawrence Seaway

Toronto

The Western Great Lakes  Detroit, Chicago and Milwaukee  Chicago center of US – every form of transportation goes through it  Detroit – major automobile hub Though some have opened up in the south ie BMW in SC.  “The Rust Belt” – greatest amount of industrial area.

Rust Belt

The South  New industrial realm – S states luring manufacturing industries to raise tax revenues and increase employment  Foreign cars becoming obsolete – many using Weber’s theory to minimize transportation costs and moving assembly plants to US like Honda, Toyota and BMW.

BMW Plant; Spartansburg, SC

Russia and the Ukraine

The Ukraine  Largest industrial areas in former USSR due to agricultural productivity and coal-mining activity.  When independent, Russia lost many natural resources from it  Also major wheat producer.

Russia  Industrial center around Moscow and St. Petersburg  Siberia contains large amounts of manufacturing due to vast natural resources.  Forest areas make paper and packaging materials  Trans-Siberian railroad

Trans-Siberian Railroad

Central and Western Europe

 Includes Great Britain, eastwards into northern France and Germany.  Initiated the Industrial Revolution  Major coal-producing region – Belgium and Northern France  Most power used is nuclear power

Great Britain  London, Manchester, Leeds and Newcastle are large industrial areas depending mostly on coal  Coal is very big in Great Britain

Great Britain

Germany  Steel industry depends on coal within its borders  Two primary rivers to transport goods: the Rhine and the Ruhr  Düsseldorf – heavily industrialized  Population is spread out – depends on river and highways  Abundant raw materials and educated workforce and a close market has made Germany continue industrial success.

Germany

Düsseldorf

France  Big in automobiles and airplanes  Airbus is based in France and battles for the title of largest airline maker

France

Ireland  Industrial developed since joining the EU

Ireland

East Asia  China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore main countries  China, Japan, Korea – Treaty ports (international ports that must be open because of a treaty)  China has Exporting Processing Zones - designed to export goods made in China efficiently.

China  GDP – 10 – 12 percent annually  Over 1 billion people  Population becoming increasingly educated  Difficulty in keeping up with infrastructure requirements  Three major Economic Zones: Shanghai, Beijing and Hong Kong

China

China: Major Economic Zones

China: Shanghai  Largest city in China  AKA – Yangtze Delta Region  Represents immense growth and industrialization and urban development  Located at the mouth of the Yangtze and Huangpo Rivers  Pudong (east of the river) District seen biggest growth of airport and expo center.  Maglev train – 300 mph; airport to city; 20 miles

China: Shanghai

 Special economic zones (SEZs) – designated specifically for foreign companies to locate their headquarters there.  Ford, GM and VW moved plants there  Population increase due to rural farmers moving in.

China: Northeastern  Manchuria, include Beijing and majority of Chinese resources  Coal manufacturing has dominated industrial activity.  Huang He River – Yellow River  Similar to the Rust Belt, though not to the same extent

China: Hong Kong  1997 – GB gave up control of the port of Hong Kong.  Hong Kong helped China grow and develop.  Cities emerge along the border such as Guangzhou  Nike factories specialize in clothing and accessories in the region.

China: Hong Kong  China a communist country has allowed free- market capitalism and lead to a major growth in economy  No govn’t control so no rules, also no safety net like in the US  Entrepots – areas where trade goods are brought to be reloaded onto other forms of transportation.

Four Asian Tigers  AKA Four Asian Dragons – Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore  Each experiencing rapid growth due to its industrial base and export ot the US and Europe.  Each uses Asian model of economic success – Trade

Four Asian Tigers

Asian Model  Relatively inexpensive production of goods and their export to world markets  Access to world-class ports  Educated workforces to perform highly skilled jobs  Manufacturing has consisted of low-quality textiles and toys  Beginning to move towards electronics  Complementary process – both sides benefit

Asian Tiger: South Korea  Capital: Seoul – largest city; 19m; high- quality university and primary educational systems and ready workforce  Exports automobils and electronics  Pusan and Kwnagju – port cities

Asian Tiger: South Korea

Asian Tiger: Taiwan  Chiang Kai-shek led retreat to Taiwan after Mao Zedong took over control of China.  Debate today is whether or not Taiwan is independent of part of mainland China.  US recognizes it as independent because of its free-market economy

Asian Tiger: Taiwan

Asian Tiger: Singapore  City-state located at the tip of Malay Peninsula. Busiest port in the world.  Classic example of entrepot.  GDP growth 7.9 percent  Tough policies on crime  No visitors, lots of business b/c it is safe and clean  Locals aspire for the 5Cs – car, credit card, condominium, country club and cash

Asian Tiger: Singapore

The Baby Tigers  Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines and Thailand  Soon India

The Baby Tigers

Japan  After WWII, forced to not develop a military so they developed their industrial sector  One of the world’s leaders in industry however has very little in natural resources  Automobiles and electronics  Loyal and highly skilled and educated workforce  Big areas – Tokyo, Yokohama and Osaka

Japan

Trade Imbalances  US is importing more than it is exporting  Manufactured goods coming in faster than they are going out.  Jobs going both ways