1.4 Church as Organization & Organism

Ecclesiology = Study of the Church

CATHOLIC CHRISTIANITY Problem: SIN (wrong doing, separation from God) Goal: SALVATION (going to heaven) Method: (1) GOD’S FREE GIFT OF GRACE, and (2) OUR RESPONSE (good deeds and works, the moral life, prayer, church attendance, etc.) Guide:BIBLE + CHURCH TRADITION Guidance:BIBLE READING MASS, PRAYER, SACRAMENTS POPES, BISHOPS, PRIESTS, CHURCH TEACHINGS, EXAMPLE OF HOLY PEOPLE (SAINTS) STRENGTH FROM GOD (THE HOLY SPIRIT)

Church as: (1) ORGANIZATION (Institution / Structure) (2) ORGANISM (People/Community / Traditions / Customs / Worship Practices)

BISHOPS: Pope = Bishop of __________________ Cardinals = Special advisors to ______________ Other Archbishops and Bishops

BISHOPS: Pope = Bishop of Rome Cardinals = Special advisors to the Pope Other Archbishops and Bishops PRIESTS (ordained): Diocesan Priests (vows: celibacy, obedience) Religious Order Priests (vows: celibacy, obedience, poverty)

BISHOPS: Pope = Bishop of Rome Cardinals = Special advisors to Pope Other Archbishops and Bishops PRIESTS (ordained): Diocesan Priests (vows: celibacy, obedience) Religious Order Priests (vows: celibacy, obedience, poverty) DEACONS (ordained): “Those who serve”

BISHOPS: Pope = Bishop of Rome Cardinals = Special advisors to Pope Other Archbishops and Bishops PRIESTS (ordained): Diocesan Priests (vows: celibacy, obedience) Religious Order Priests (vows: celibacy, obedience, poverty) DEACONS (ordained): “Those who serve” LAITY (not ordained): Religious Order Brothers & Sisters (nuns) (vows: celibacy, obedience, poverty) People (the Congregation)

CATHOLIC JOB DESCRIPTIONS, ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES POPEBROTHERS CARDINALSABBOT BISHOPSMONKS PRIESTSSEMINARIANS DEACONSDIOCESE RELIGIOUS ORDERSPRIORESS / SUPERIOR SISTERS (NUNS)NOVICE MASTER

CATHOLIC PLACES VATICAN CITYPILGRIMAGE SITES: Lourdes, Fatima, SISTINE CHAPELGuadalupe, Medjugorje, Rome, Israel (Holy Land), ST. JOHN LATERAN (Rome)Camino Santiago Campostelo (Spain), CATHEDRALFootsteps of St. Paul (Greece, Turkey), BASILICACalifornia Missions, Arizona Missions CONVENT MONASTERY SHRINE NOVITIATE SEMINARY

CATHOLIC RITES, RITUALS Mass (Liturgy / Eucharist) Sacraments (can you name them?) Prayers / Meditation Retreats / Pilgrimages Fasting / Abstaining (Giving Up Something) Popular Devotions (Rosary, Way of Cross, Advent Candles, Posadas, Passion Plays, Christmas Tree & Crib, Ash Wednesday, Sign of Cross, Palm Sunday, Processions for Christ the King or Feast Days of Saints, Holy Days of Obligation, etc.) Celebrations (Advent, Christmas, Lent, Holy Week, Holy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter, Pentecost, etc.)

GOD: One God in 3 “Persons” (Trinity) of Father, Son, Holy Spirit JESUS: Fully Divine & Fully Human, who became human (incarnation), died on a cross, and rose from the dead. CHURCH: One, holy, catholic, apostolic. Papal Infallibility. ETERNITY: Heaven, Hell, Purgatory OTHER POSSIBLE TOPICS: SIN, GRACE, MORALITY, COMMANDMENTS, MARY, SAINTS, BIBLE, TRADITION …

CATHOLIC HEROES FIRST CENTURY St. Peter St. Paul SECOND CENTURY St. Clement of Rome THIRD CENTURY St. Perpetua, St. Felicity FOURTH CENTURY St. Antony of the Desert Emperor Constantine FIFTH CENTURY St. Ambrose St. Jerome St. Augustine St. Monica Pope Leo the Great St. Patrick 6 th – 10th CENTURIES St. Boniface Pope Gregory the Great St. Benedict St. Bede 11 th – 15 th CENTURIES St. Francis of Assisi St. Dominic St. Anselm St. Thomas Aquinas Meister Eckhart St. Bernard of Clairvaux St. Bonaventure St. Catherine of Sienna St. Joan of Arc 16 th CENTURY – NOW St. Ignatius of Loyola Fr. Moreau Fr. Damien of Moloka St. Tekakwitha….

MORE CATHOLIC HEROES 16 th CENTURY – NOW, continued… St. Ignatius of Loyola Fr. Moreau Fr. Damien of Moloka St. Tekakwitha St. Francis Xavier St. Francis De Sales St. Don Bosco St. Theresa of Avila St. John of the Cross St. Theresa of the Little Flower St. Thomas Becket Erasmus St. Andre Bishop Oscar Romero St. Martin de Porres St. Thomas More St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Pope John the 23 rd Pope John Paul II ….

CATHOLIC TURNING POINTS LIFE, DEATH, RESURRECTION OF JESUS & START OF CHRISTIANITY CHRISTIANITY SEPARATES FROM JUDAISM AGE OF PERSECUTION AND MARTYRS CONSTANTINE LEGALIZES CHRISTIANITY STRUGGLES WITH HERESY AND THE RISE OF ORTHODOXY WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE FALLS (Pope Leo, Augustine) MONASTICISM (St. Benedict) CHRISTIANITY SPREADS THROUGH EUROPE: Patrick, Boniface, Charlemagne THE GREAT DIVORCE: Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism CHRISTIANITY vs. ISLAM: THE CRUSADES CHRISTIANITY and the INQUISITION HIGH MIDDLE AGES CHRISTIANITY: Gothic Cathedrals, Universities THE POPE MOVES TO AVIGNON IN FRANCE, THEN SCHISM WITH 2 POPES RENAISSANCE PAPAL CORRUPTION BUT GREAT ART (Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci) PROTESTANT REFORMATION and CATHOLIC COUNTER-REFORMATION CATHOLICISM SPREADS TO THE AMERICAS and ASIA CATHOLICS AT WAR IN EUROPE: Protestants, French Revolution, Napoleon FIRST VATICAN COUNCIL and PAPAL INFALLIBILITY CATHOLIC CHURCH AND WORKERS’ RIGHTS IN 1800S … (NEXT PAGE)

CATHOLIC TURNING POINTS… CATHOLIC CHURCH DURING WORLD WARS I & II, MUSSOLINI, NAZIS, COMMUNISM SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL AND MODERN REFORMS HUMANAE VITAE ON ARTIFICIAL BIRTH CONTROL LIBERATION THEOLOGY IN LATIN AMERICA POPE JOHN PAUL II AND THE FALL OF COMMUNISM POPE BENEDICT XVI POPE BENEDICT RESIGNS AND NEW POPE FRANCIS TAKES OVER