Explain the structure of the male reproductive system Analyze the function of the male reproductive system Explain the structure of the female reproductive system Analyze the function of the female reproductive system Discuss characteristics and treatment of common reproductive disorders

Testis and Epididymis  Testes produce male gametes (spermatozoa) and male sex hormone- testosterone  Found in pouch of skin called a scrotum  Size of small egg  Made up of 250 lobules, each with coiled seminiferous tubules-where sperm develop  They join to form the epididymis where sperm are stored they join at the vas deferns

Descent of the testes  In embryo, testes formed in the abdomen  During last 3 months, migrate into scrotum  Cryptorchidism- when testes don’t descend  Rx-surgical procedure before puberty Penis  Contains erectile tissue  End of penis covered by loose fitting skin – foreskin  Foreskin removed during circumcision Vas Deferens  Runs from epididymis to ejaculatory duct  Seminal vesicles connect to vas deferens secretion nourish sperm  Ejaculatory duct- connect vas deferens with urethra Scrotum Sac of skin that contains testes

Prostate gland  Surrounds beginning of urethra  Size and shape of a chestnut  Secretes a fluid that enhances sperm motility Bulbourethral glands  Located on either side of prostate below prostate  Add alkaline secretion to semen that helps sperm live longer

Erection and Ejaculation  Urethra has a dual role- excretion of urine and to expel semen  Erection caused when erectile tissue fills with blood  Ejaculation expels semen  Impotence unable to copulate (hold an erection) Infertility  When conception does not occur- caused by damage to fallopian tubes, low sperm count, hormone imbalance, other disorders

Vasectomy male sterilization, removal of part of the vas deferens

Cryptorchidism Who will have this condition? An undescended testicle is more common among baby boys born prematurely or before 37 weeks. What are the risks if left untreated? Fertility problems Testicular cancer What is the treatment? For most boys born with one or two undescended testicles, the problem corrects itself within the first few months of life. If infant has an undescended testicle that doesn't correct itself, surgery can usually be used to relocate it into ………………..the scrotum.

Epididymitis: inflammation of the coiled tube (epididymis) at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm What are the most common causes epididymitis? STDs, urine in epididymis, tuberculosis, some medications What are some risk factors that predispose someone to this condition? Sexually transmitted epididymitis High-risk sexual behaviors Personal history of an STI Non-STI infections Past prostate or urinary tract infections. An uncircumcised penis or an anatomical abnormality of the urinary tract.. Medical procedures that affect the urinary tract Prostate enlargement

Also known as impotence Failure of the penis to become rigid enough for intercourse to occur. Common causes: Heart disease Clogged blood vessels (atherosclerosis) High cholesterol High blood pressure Diabetes Obesity Tobacco use Alcoholism and other forms of substance abuse Surgeries or injuries that affect the pelvic area or spinal cord How is it treated? Meds.penis pumps, implants, s surgeries, psychological counseling, change habits Erectile Dysfunction

Prostate cancer What age group is most susceptible to prostate cancer? most common in men older than 65. How is it treated? radiation, hormone therapy, surgery, chemotherapy What are the reproductive side effects to treatment? Erectile dysfunction

Testicular cancer What the risk factors for developing testicular cancer? Cryptorchidism Abnormal development Family history Age (15-34) Race (more likely in white) What are the most likely symptoms ? A lump or enlargement in either testicle A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum A dull ache in the abdomen or groin A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts Cancer usually affects only one testicle.

BPH (BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY)  Enlarged prostate  More than half of men in their sixties and 90% of men in their seventies have some symptoms  Prostate enlarges but capsule does not, causing prostate to clamp down on urethra. This causes the bladder to become irritable, causing urinary frequency  Diagnosis by rectal exam, ultrasound, and cystoscopy Rx – usually prostatectomy – laser surgery, sometimes no Rx

 The scrotum contains the:  Each lobe of the testis contains one to four highly twisted:  The foreskin of the penis is also known as the:  What are the male gametes?  What ducts connect the vas deferens with the urethra?   What structure connects the testes with the ductus deferens?  What male reproductive gland surrounds the opening of the bladder leading into the urethra? testes Seminiferous tubules prepuce spermatozoa Ejaculatory duct epididymis prostate

 The prostate gland is the size and shape of a:  The external organs of the male reproductive system are the:  The vas deferens begins in the:  Sperm are produced in the:  The male hormone produced by the testes is:  Sperm are stored in the:  Which of the following glands does not produce a secretion to transport sperm? Bartholin’s gland, Cowpers gland, Prostate gland, or Seminal vesicles  What structure serves as a storage site for sperm and as the excretory duct of the testis? Chestnut or strawberry Scrotum + penis scrotum testes testosterone epididymis Vas deferens