Endocrine Disorders

Type I Diabetes

High blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) – >200 mg/dL – shaking, sweating, anxiety, hunger, difficulty concentrating, weight loss, fatigue, increased thirst, urinating often Excess excreted in urine Insulin dependent diabetes – Juvenile onset diabetes

Type I Diabetes Causes Insulin deficiency because body does not naturally produce insulin Often caused by inherited immune disorder that destroys pancreatic cells

Type I Diabetes Treatment Insulin injections Monitor blood glucose levels Exercise & healthy diet

Type 2 Diabetes

Type II Diabetes Description High blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) – >200 mg/dL – Shaking, sweating, anxiety, hunger, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, urinating often Non-insulin dependent diabetes – Adult-onset diabetes

Type II Diabetes Causes Body does not use insulin properly (insulin resistance) Pancreas makes extra insulin at first, but over time cannot keep up and cannot make enough insulin to keep blood glucose at normal levels

Type II Diabetes Treatment Insulin injections Monitor blood glucose levels Exercise & healthy diet

Graves’ Disease

Graves’ Disease Description Enlarged thyroid, protrusion of eyes, lumpy reddish skin on lower legs, excessive reactions to stimuli, period of hyperactivity and fatigue, tremors Symptoms usually develop slowly over a long period.

Graves’ Disease Causes Autoimmune disorder triggered by a bacterial infection leading to the overproduction of hormones in the thyroid.

Graves’ Disease Treatments Can only treat symptoms. Antithyroid drugs, partial or complete destruction of thyroid by radioactive iodine, partial or complete surgical removal of thyroid

Dwarfism

Dwarfism Description A person who is shorter than 4’ 10”

Dwarfism Causes Two main causes: – Acondroplasia-a genetic condition that causes growth factors to not be registered by the bones. – Human growth hormone (HGH) deficiency-many reasons for this including genetics, stress and malnutrition.

Dwarfism Treatment Hormone therapy if growth hormone deficiency. PT and braces if the condition causes pain.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism (goiter)

Hypothyroidism Description Poor muscle tone, fatigue, increased sensitivity to cold, constipation, depression, pale and dry skin, decreased sweating, weight gain Goiters can develop Later - slow speech, deep puffy face, low body temperature and abnormal menstrual cycles

Hypothyroidism Causes Iodine deficiency Autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack thyroid

Hypothyroidism Treatment Hormone replacement pills for thyroid hormones Iodine in diet

Acromegaly

Acromegaly Description Enlargement of the hands, feet, nose, lips and ears, heart, kidney, skull Protruding brow and lower jaw, gaps between lower teeth Headaches and visual disturbances.

Acromegaly Causes Overproduction of growth hormones is caused by a benign tumor of the pituitary gland Tumors produce excess growth hormones and, as they expand, compress surrounding brain tissues, such as the optic nerves

Acromegaly Treatment Surgery, drug therapy or radiation therapy to remove or destroy the tumor.

Hirsutism

Hirsutism Description Excessive hair on the body (both men and women)

Hirsutism Causes Increased levels of male hormones in body (stimulating hair growth) or sensitivity of hair follicles to male hormones

Hirsutism Treatment Drugs to reduce hormone levels OR waxing/shaving/hair removal