At the Turn of the Century 최수지 한정아

contents I.Vocabulary II.Background Turn of the century Naturalism III.Authers Henry Brooks Adams Benjamin Franklin Norris Jack London Upton sinclair O.Henry Lafcadio Hearn IV.Reference

vocabulary Satire is the use of humour or exaggeration in order to show how foolish or wicked some people's behaviour or ideas are. Something that is medieval relates to or was made in the period of European history between the end of the Roman Empire in 476 AD and about 1500 AD. The landscape is everything you can see when you look across an area of land, including hills, rivers, buildings, trees, and plants. If you say that someone is gnashing their teeth, you mean they are angry or frustrated about something. A hereditary characteristic or illness is passed on to a child from its parents before it is born.

vocabulary A sewer is a large underground channel that carries waste matter and rain water away, usually to a place where it is treated and made harmless. If you describe someone as sly, you disapprove of them because they keep their feelings or intentions hidden and are clever at deceiving people. A significant amount or effect is large enough to be important or affect a situation to a noticeable degree.

vocabulary A muckraker seeks to expose corruption of businesses or government to the public. The term originates from writers of the Progressive movement in America who wanted to expose corruption and scandals in government and business. Muckrakers often wrote about the wretchedness of urban life and poverty, and against the established institutions of society, such as big business. They were often accused of being socialists or communists. journalist GOSSIP

Background Naturalism is a literary movement that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such movements as Romanticism or Surrealism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment. Naturalism is the outgrowth of Realism, a prominent literary movement in mid-19th-century France and elsewhere. Naturalistic works exposed the dark harshness of life, including poverty, racism, sex, prejudice, disease, prostitution, and filth. As a result, naturalistic writers were frequently criticized for being too blunt.

Background Turn of the century, in its broadest sense, refers to the transition from one century to another. The term is most often used to indicate a non-specific time period either before or after the beginning of a century The period around the turn of the 21st century ( ) can also be called the "turn of the millennium".

Authers Henry Brooks Adams (February 16, 1838 – March 27, 1918) was an American journalist historian, academic and novelist. He is best-known for his autobiographical book, The Education of Henry Adams. He was a member of the Adams political family.

Democracy (1880) A certain secret jealousy of the British Minister is always lucking in the breast of every American Senator, if he is truly democratic; for democracy, rightly understood, is the government of the people, by the people, for the benefit of Snators, and there is always a danger that the British Minister may not understand this political principle as he should. U.S. historian. Democracy, p.17, Library of America (1983).

Esther (1884) "Poor Esther!" said he gloomily. " She has been bought up among mea, and is not used to harness. If things go wrong she will rebel, and a woman who rebel is lost." U.S. historian. Esther, p.206, Library of America (1983).

History of the United States During the Administration of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison ( ) Mont-Saint-Michel and chartres (1904) The Education of Henry Adams (1907)

Benjamin Franklin Norris (March 5, 1870 – October 25, 1902) was an American novelist, during the Progressive Era, writing predominantly in the naturalist genre. His notable works include McTeague (1899), The Octopus: A California Story (1901), and The Pit (1903).

Moran of the "Lady Letty": A Story of Adventure Off the California Coast (1898) McTeague: A Story of San Francisco (1899) A Man's Woman (1900) A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the New and Old West The Octopus: A Story of California (1901) The Pit: A Story of Chicago (1902) Vandover and the Brute (1914)

Jack London (born Jan. 12, 1876, died Nov. 22, 1916) is best known for his books The Call of the Wild, White Fang, and The Sea-Wolf, and a few short stories, such as "To Build a Fire" and "The White Silence." In fact, he was a prolific writer whose fiction explored several regions and their cultures: the Yukon, California, Hawaii, and the Solomon Islands. He experimented with many literary forms, from conventional love stories and dystopias to science fantasy. His noted journalism included war correspondence, boxing stories, and the life of Molokai lepers. A committed socialist, he insisted against editorial pressures to write political essays and insert social criticism in his fiction.

The Call of the Wild (1903) The Sea-Wolf (1904) To Build a Fire (1910) The People of the Abyss (1903) The Iron Heel (1907)

Upton sinclair (1878 – 1968) born to an eminent but financially straitened family, Sinclair began earning money by writing at 15, and supported himself by doing literary hackwork while doing graduate work at Columbia University. An assignment from a socialist weekly led him to write The Jungle (1906), his sixth novel and first popular success. Published at his own expense after several publishers rejected it, it became an immensely influential best-seller. He used the proceeds to open a socialist colony in Englewood, N.J., which was abandoned when the building was destroyed by fire in 1907.

“Mary had a little lamb / And when she saw it sicken / She shipped it off to Packingtown / And now it’s labeled chicken.”

The Jungle (1906) King Coal (1917) Oil! (1927) Boston (1928) World's End (1940) Dragon's Teeth (1942, Pulitzer Prize) American Outpost (1932) The Autobiography of Upton Sinclair (1962)

O. Henry (September 11, 1862 – June 5, 1910 ) was the pen name of American writer William Sydney Porter. O. Henry's short stories are well known for their wit, wordplay, warm characterization and clever twist endings. he worte in an easy-to-understand, journalistic style. His stories begin with action and move quickly toward their conclusion.

Cabbages and the kings (1904) 0_1.htm The Gift of the Magi After Twenty Years A Retrieved Reformation The Ransom of Red Chief

The Gift of the Magi about a young couple who are short of money but desperately want to buy each other Christmas gifts. Unbeknownst to Jim, Della sells her most valuable possession, her beautiful hair, in order to buy a platinum fob chain for Jim's watch; while unbeknownst to Della, Jim sells his own most valuable possession, his watch, to buy jeweled combs for Della's hair. The essential premise of this story has been copied, re- worked, parodied, and otherwise re-told countless times in the century since it was written.

The Gift of the Magi

Lafcadio Hearn (27 June 1850 – 26 September 1904), also known as Koizumi Yakumo ( 小泉八雲 ) after gaining Japanese citizenship, was an author, best known for his books about Japan. He is especially well-known for his collections of Japanese legends and ghost stories.

In Ghostly Japan (1899) Japan: An Attempt at pretInteration (1904; published just after his death)

Quiz 1.What is naturalism?? ⓐ sweet ⓑ bright ⓒ dark ⓓ happy 2.What’s NOT Upton sinclair’s work ?? ⓐ The Jungle ⓑ King Coal ⓒ Oil! ⓓ Esther

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