Foot, Ankle, & Lower Leg Injuries
Great Toe Sprain At the 1 st Metatarsal-phalangeal joint Hyper extension or hyper flexion Pain, tenderness, and/or swelling is on dorsal or plantar surface of MTP joint
Ingrown Toe Nail
Nail grows into surrounding tissue Cause : poor trimming of toe nails; rounded instead of straight; or too short
Inversion Ankle Sprain Lateral ligaments usually injured due to stretching mechanism 85% of ankle sprains are inversion Fibula prevents severe eversion Deltoid ligament is stronger
Inversion Ankle Sprain Deformities Swelling, discoloration, pain & point tenderness ROM decreased Strength decreased Orthopedic Test : Anterior Drawer Test – Grade I, II, III
InversionAnkleSprain
Ankle Sprains So What structures are normally injured? –Grade 1: Anterior Talofibular –Grade 2: ATF & Calcaneofibular –Grade 3: ATF, CF, & Posterior Talofibular
Jones’ Fracture
Avulsion fracture of the 5 th metatarsal head in inversion sprain Xrays needed to rule out fracture if suspected
Achilles Tendonitis Irritation or inflammation of the Achilles Tendon Swelling, tenderness, heat, crepitus (crunchiness), pain If worsens, can lead to complete tear
Achilles’ Rupture
Achilles Tendon Rupture Athlete usually falls, grabbing leg in pain Feels as if they were shot in the back of their leg Extreme pain, swelling, deformity or depression, weakness or complete loss of plantar flexion Orthopedic Test: Thompson’s Test
Thompson’s Test
GASTROCNEMIUS STRAIN
Shin Splints Called Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome It is inflammation of the periosteum lining of the tibia Caused from the Soleus muscle insertion –Pronation –Out of shape or overuse –Change in running distance, surface, footwear, or form
Shin Splints (cont.) Dull achy pain, can be present before, during, and after activity Point tender on medial border of tibia Pain with resisted plantar flexion (due to Soleus) involvement
Stress Fractures Caused by repetitive stress Usually to tibia, fibula, and metatarsals (but can occur in any bone) Complain of most intense pain after activity and during night Pain and swelling on bone at fracture site
Stress Fracture Bone scan is needed to diagnose
Using those X-ray Eyes Percussion test Bump test Squeeze Test Vibration (tuning fork) Compression/Distraction