HBA 461/561/540: Human Anatomy Three course numbers: HBA 461: RC students (undergrad) HBA 561: PA students HBA 540: PT students take 3 modules together with other students, then continue into October (Dr. Susman) Same course, same tests, but cut offs for grades are lower for HBA 461

Faculty, teaching assistants and staff Dr. Brigitte Demes 084 (course director) Dr. John Fleagle 027 Dr. Ian George 090 Dr. Maureen O’Leary 090 Dr. Randall Susman 082 Dr. Erik Seiffert 048 (all faculty offices L8, HSC) TA Sharon Doyle TA Peter Fernandez TA Steven Heritage TA Abigail Nishimura TA Bonnie Sumner TA Michael Tao “open door policy” for faculty, arrange time with TAs Technician Danny Soto L2, 132

Web page: User name: SHTM, password: ……. (case sensitive) Class meets Monday through Thursday at 1 pm in LH 2 (or 1) for a ~1 hour lecture, followed by 3 hours of dissection; Friday lectures at 8 am and lab from 9 – 12 Three modules: I. Trunk, II. Head and Neck, III. Limbs

Books Textbooks (recommended): Moore, Agur & Dalley: Essential Clinical Anatomy. 5 th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010, older editions are ok and/or J.T. Stern Jr.: Core Concepts in Anatomy 3 rd edition. Short and concise synopsis and review book. Print copy ($20) and/or electronic access ($10). If you buy book copy you will get free access to electronic version. Atlas and dissector (mandatory): (one copy each will be provided per table for use in the lab) Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 6 th edition. Older editions and other atlases (e.g., Grant’s) can be used instead. Tank, P.W.: Grant’s Dissector. 15 th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012 Supplementary material on the class webpage

Tests 3 Quizzes: practice tests, don’t count for grade; we will grade the lab part and return it to you and provide you with a key for the lecture part; 10am! 3 Exams: same format as quizzes, but longer, with about 70 lab IDs and 50 multiple choice questions; exam III is cumulative; each exam counts equally towards your grade Review sessions will be offered before each exam Academic honesty Outside of examinations and quizzes you are encouraged to collaborate in dissection and study of the course material. However, during quizzes and exams you may not look at answers written or chosen by another student, communicate with another student with information that might help in answering an examination question, refer to notes or texts related to the examination subject material, use any other aid not explicitly permitted by the instructors, communicate specific information regarding an examination to a classmate who has not yet completed that examination. You are not allowed to touch structures pinned in the lab exams.

Cadaver policy Out of respect and gratitude for the generous body donations that are bestowed upon the anatomy department in furtherance of your professional and educational development, professional behavior is required at all times in the anatomy laboratory. Departmental policy is the following: “Individuals who donate their bodies to the Department of Anatomical Sciences at Stony Brook University do so with the desire and understanding that their remains will be used for educational or scientific purposes. Such donations deserve our admiration and deepest gratitude. To treat a cadaver in any way that does not serve educational or scientific purposes constitutes unprofessional behavior. One example is taking photographs (on film or electronically) that serve no educational or scientific purpose. Any student known to have taken such a photograph will be referred to the Committee on Academic Standing as having engaged in unprofessional behavior.” No visitors are allowed in the lab unless they have permission from the course director.

Anatomy lab dissection groups of 6, programs mixed, study groups outside official class hours are recommended 24 hour access to lab, but for you and approved others only; code … study other bodies, but do not dissect them, treat them with care, be considerate! read dissector, don’t wait for instructors to do your job dissector and atlas at tables, write your table number on them lists of ‘pinnable’ structures will be provided, they do not replace the dissector, you will be tested on important structures and spaces not on the lists in the lecture tests formalin/embalming fluid smells formaldehyde is an irritant and may be carcinogenic at high concentrations wear lab coats, leave them in the lab (hangers) limited locker space in lab use name tags we provide bring gloves, wear closed shoes dissection tools will be made available, keep instruments in plastic container (provided), don’t have them float on tables ‘how to take care of your body’ instruction sheet at each table, use wetting fluid use tissue buckets for tissue you remove use sharp disposal containers for scalpel blades bone boxes: sign out in groups of two – take home; you are responsible for return of complete box! table assignments posted inside lab

Planes: median or mediansagittal sagittal or paramedian frontal or coronal transverse or horizontal “Geography” of the human body Anatomical position – the reference frame

Directions: anterior and posterior = towards the front of the body and towards the back of the body; or ventral and dorsal = towards the front of the body and towards the back of the body (anterior/posterior and ventral/dorsal are synonymous in humans) medial and lateral = toward the midline and away from the midline superior and inferior = toward the top (head) and toward the bottom (feet); or cranial and caudal = same as superior and inferior in humans, but mostly used within the trunk proximal and distal, towards the trunk and away from the trunk, used mostly for limbs

Lordosis Kyphosis anteriorlateralposterior views (Scoliosis: lateral curvature = pathological ) 7 cervical 12 thoracic 2 – 4 coccygeal 5 sacral (sacrum) 5 lumbar Vertebrae anterior

vertebral body transverse process spinous process articular process lamina pedicle vertebral foramen Use bone box and atlas/text book to study regional differences in morphology of vertebrae! posterior

vertebral body transverse process spinous process superior articular process inferior articular process intervertebral foramen intervertebral disc (cartilage)

Nucleus pulposus Annulus fibrosus Intervertebral discs -are cartilaginous joints (synchondroses) -are shock absorbers -can herniate and compress nervous tissue -have two parts

Upper limb mm.: Trapezius (CN XI) Levator scapulae (dorsal scapular n.) Rhomboid(eus) minor (dorsal scapular n.) Rhomboid(eus) major (dorsal scapular n.) Latissimus dorsi (thoracodorsal n.) Thoracic wall mm.: Serratus posterior superior Serratus posterior inferior (both unimportant, ignore!)

Intrinsic mm. I: Splenius capitis/cervicis (dorsal rami) Additional small deep neck muscles (ignore) Erector spinae (dorsal rami) - iliocostalis - longissimus - spinalis

Intrinsic mm. II: Transversospinal mm. (dorsal rami): - semispinalis capitis/cervicis ( cervical region ) - rotatores ( thoracic region ) - multifidus ( lumbar region )

Muscle attachment conventions I. Limbs Origin = proximal, on the part which remains fixed during contraction Insertion = distal, on part which is (more) movable II. Trunk Origin = inferior or caudal Insertion = superior or cranial

Movements of the trunk take place in multiple intervertebral joints. The intrinsic back muscles are not the only muscles involved. Flexion: abdominal wall muscles and body weight Extension = bending backward: Intrinsic back muscles, particularly erector spinae group Lateral flexion: unilateral contraction of the more lateral intrinsic back muscles, particularly iliocostalis, assisted by lateral abdominal wall muscles Rotation: Intrinsic back muscles with an oblique direction, assisted by oblique abdominal wall muscles

Functions of intrinsic back muscles: All intrinsic back mm. extend the back when contracted bilaterally (on both sides), particular the erector spinae group. The more lateral ones (e.g., iliocostalis) laterally flex the back when contracted unilaterally (on one side only). Splenius capitis extends the head when contracted bilaterally and rotates it to the same side when contracted unilaterally. Semispinalis capitis extends the head. The transversospinal mm. rotate the spine to the opposite side when contracting unilaterally.

Review back Intrinsic mm. are innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves. Superficial mm. associated with the upper limb are innervated by named nerves that are derived from ventral rami of spinal nerves. Trapezius is innervated by a cranial nerve (XI). The skin overlying the intrinsic mm. (1 hand’s width to the right and to the left of midline) is innervated by dorsal rami. The rest of the skin of the back is innervated by ventral rami. The greater occipital nerve is the dorsal ramus of C2. It innervates the skin on back of the head All intrinsic back mm. extend the back when contracted bilaterally, the more lateral ones (e.g., iliocostalis) laterally flex the back when contracted unilaterally (on one side only), the deep transversospinal mm. rotate the spine. Splenius capitis extends the head when contracted bilaterally and rotates it to the same side when contracted unilaterally.

List of ‘pinnable’ structures 6/23/2015 Back: Dissector pp 1 – 14 (skip suboccipital region) Skeletons: All bones and structures on pp Bodies: Occipital artery, greater occipital nerve, trapezius, accessory nerve, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major and rhomboid minor, levator scapulae, splenius (capitis), semispinalis (capitis), thoracolumbar fascia, spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis (9 – 14)