Gravity Lock: Next Generation Auto Theft Prevention System using Smart Gravitational Lock, Cryptographic Keyless Entry, Touch screen Ignition, Ubiquitous Vehicle Tracking, GPS Fencing and Remote Fuel Cut-off

Agenda Aim Block Diagram Working ARM Cortex M3 ARM7 Vs Cortex-M3 LPC1300 QVGA TFT Color Touchscreen Display GPS 3 Axis Digital MEMS Magnetometer 3 Axis Digital MEMS Accelerometer IEEE 802.15.4 Radio IEEE 802.15.4 Network DC Servo Motor GSM LPCXpresso IDE Project Advantage Software Used Abbreviations

Aim To design a next generation vehicle theft prevention system with the following features…. Smart Gravitational Lock Cryptographic Keyless Entry Touchscreen Ignition Adjustable Motion Alarm Sensitivity Ubiquitous Vehicle Tracking Car Finder GPS Fencing Remote Fuel Cut-off

Block Diagram MEMS Accelerometer EEPROM I²C IEEE 802.15.4 Transceiver SPI-1 I²C GPIO Push Button

Touch screen Controller Fuel Valve Control Servo Motor Block Diagram GPS Satellites Color TFT LCD Display DC Motor GPS Receiver UART-1 GPIO PWM MEMS Magnetometer SPI-2 I²C Touch screen Controller MEMS Accelerometer Touchscreen I²C PWM SPI-1 UART-2 GPIO GPIO Fuel Valve Control Servo Motor IEEE 802.15.4 Transceiver Buzzer GSM Cellular Modem LED Headlight Lamp

Working - 1 Smart Gravitational Lock – The system is armed automatically when the driver moves away from the vehicle. It is disarmed only when a specific gesture is made in the hand-held wireless key fob. The 3D gesture is made in mid-air and can be reprogrammed by the user on the fly. The air gesture is recognized using a 3-axis MEMS Accelerometer that senses the gravitational force exerted upon it. A stolen keyfob thus cannot be used to enter into the vehicle without performing the secret gesture. The password is stored in an external non-volatile serial EEPROM memory. Cryptographic Keyless Entry – If the gesture is valid the keyfob transmits a unique encrypted code that changes every time when this gesture is made. RC4 Stream Cipher Cryptographic algorithm ensures the safety of the data transmitted. The keyfob communicates with automotive vehicle unit using IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networking protocol. This prevents thieves from detecting the static codes which were used in older keyless entry systems. The wireless packets are also used to measure the proximity of the keyfob to the vehicle.

Working - 2 Touchscreen Ignition – A dual layer keying approach is followed during vehicle ignition process. This consists of software and hardware keys. A unique touch gesture is made on the 65K Color Touchscreen TFT Display that acts as the software key. The system verifies this and then accepts the hardware key which is the actual keyfob normally used. This feature can be temporarily disabled and enabled via SMS sent by the owner. This is useful in situations such as when someone (like a mechanic) other than the owner wants to handle the vehicle and the owner does not want the other person to know the secret onscreen password. A serial EEPROM memory is used to store the password. Adjustable Motion Alarm Sensitivity – The vehicle unit constantly monitors the vehicle motion after being armed (locked). The integrated motion sensing subsystem measures the vehicles three dimensional position and detects any unauthorized motion if the vehicles is moved or tilted that exceeds a threshold level. The sensitivity of this function can be adjusted on the touchscreen display GUI to effectively avoid any false warnings that are common with existing vehicle security systems. When someone tries to break into the vehicle forcibly, the alarm triggers the siren and head lamps and sends an SMS to the owner.

Working - 3 Ubiquitous Vehicle Tracking – GPS and GSM technologies enable the vehicle owners to track and monitor the vehicle with cellphone at anytime from anywhere. The important enhancement in this feature is its ability to inform the vehicle position even during a GPS outage using dead reckoning method. This is achieved with the help of Inertial Navigation Sensors that consists of a 3-axis MEMS Magnetometer and a 3-axis MEMS Accelerometer which will act as a tilt compensated compass module. Car Finder – When the owner approaches the vehicle, the system automatically verifies the code from remote key and the vehicle emits a head light flash and horn beep to show its presence. This feature is known as car finder and it assists the owner to locate the vehicle in a parking lot where several vehicles are parked.

Working - 4 GPS Fencing – This feature restricts the vehicle movement within a particular area. For example, if the owner wants the car to move only within a particular city, once it moves out of city borders the owner would immediately receive an SMS alert as to the current location of the vehicle. The interesting feature here is the fence radius can be programmed by the user in the touchscreen display. This flexibility allows the user to set a virtual fence that can be at building level, street level, city level or state level. Remote Fuel Cut-off – This feature is very useful especially in case of auto theft. If the vehicle is somehow hacked into and taken, you can send message that will slowly cut-off the fuel supply, thereby disabling the vehicle. A Servo Motor controlled valve is used to cut the fuel supply.

ARM Cortex-M3 Next Generation 32-bit ARM Processor for Embedded Applications based on ARMv7-M Architecture. Harvard architecture. Separate I & D buses allow parallel instruction fetching & data storage 3-stage pipeline with branch speculation. Fetch, Decode & Execute Integrated bus matrix. Configurable nested vectored interrupt controller (NVIC). Advanced debug and trace components (DAP, SWV, ETM). Wakeup Interrupt Controller (WIC) Memory Protection Unit (MPU)

ARM7 Vs Cortex-M3 High Performance RISC CPU. Greater performance efficiency, without increasing the frequency or power requirements. Low power consumption, enabling longer battery life. Improved code density, ensuring that code fits in even the smallest memory footprints. Providing easier programmability and debugging. Wide choice of development tools. The table here shows older ARM7 Vs Latest ARM Cortex-M3 

LPC1300 ARM Cortex-M3 processor, running at frequencies of up to 72 MHz ARM Cortex-M3 built-in Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC) 32 kB on-chip flash programming memory 8 kB SRAM In-System Programming (ISP) and In-Application Programming (IAP) UART with fractional baud rate generation SSP controller with FIFO and multi-protocol capabilities I2C-bus interface supporting full I2C-bus specification and Fast-mode Plus Up to 42 General Purpose I/O (GPIO) pins Four general purpose counter/timers Programmable WatchDog Timer (WDT) System tick timer Serial Wire Debug and Serial Wire Trace port High-current output driver (20 mA) on one pin High-current sink drivers (20 mA) on two I2C-bus pins in Fast-mode Plus Integrated PMU (Power Management Unit) Three reduced power modes: Sleep, Deep-sleep, and Deep power-down Single power supply (2.0 V to 3.6 V) 10-bit ADC with input multiplexing among 8 pins GPIO pins can be used as edge and level sensitive interrupt sources Clock output function with divider Processor wake-up from Deep-sleep mode via a dedicated start logic Brownout detect with four separate thresholds Power-On Reset (POR) Integrated oscillator with an operating range of 1 MHz to 25 MHz 12 MHz internal RC oscillator trimmed to 1 % accuracy Programmable watchdog oscillator with a frequency range of 7.8 kHz to 1.8 MHz System PLL allows CPU operation up to the maximum CPU rate Code Read Protection (CRP) with different security levels Unique device serial number for identification

QVGA TFT Color Touchscreen Display TFT LCD 65K Color 320 * 240 Resolution 16-bit RGB format 8-bit Parallel Interface Touchscreen Digital Resistive Touchscreen Touchscreen Controller SPI Interface Senses Stylus or Finger touch

GPS Earth has 24 GPS satellites, atleast 4 are always visible GPS receiver calculates location using Triangulation method 66 Channel GPS receiver interfaced via NMEA Protocol The smart antenna can track upto 66 satellites at a time Fast time to first fix, Superior sensitivity, and Low power Less than 10m Accuracy 57600bps UART interface Up to 10Hz update rate Built-in micro battery to preserve system data for rapid satellite acquisition LED indicator for fix or no fix

6-DOF Digital MEMS Geo-Magnetic Module Provides tilt compensated direction information 3-axis accelerometer + 3-axis magnetometer SOM (System On Module) Digital Sensor Interface using I2C Protocol

3-Axis Digital MEMS Accelerometer Detects 3-Axis acceleration Acts as vibration sensor to find accident scenario Digital Sensor Interface using I2C Protocol

IEEE 802.15.4 Radio

IEEE 802.15.4 Network Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) focuses on low-cost, low-speed ubiquitous communication between devices. 10-100 meter communications area . Transfer rate up to 250 Kbit/s. Collision avoidance through CSMA/CA. Support for secure communications. Supports peer -to-peer or star topology. Uses 2400-2483.5 MHz frequency band, with up to sixteen channels Uses Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (OQPSK) modulation.

DC Servo Motor Used for position and speed control Operated with PWM pulses @ 50Hz Dutycyle variation controls the desired parameter Operates with low current, ideal for battery powered applications

GSM SIM900D from SIMCOM. Quad-band GSM module in SMT type. Very powerful single-chip processor integrating ARM926EJ-S core  Ideal for M2M applications Quad-Band 850/ 900/ 1800/ 1900 MHz Control via AT commands (GSM 07.07 ,07.05 and SIMCOM enhanced AT Commands)  SMS cell broadcast  Serial interface  Embedded SIM  Inbuilt Antenna  AT cellular command interface

LPCXpresso IDE LPCXpresso is a complete toolchain for LPC1000 series of Cortex-M microcontrollers. Eclipse based IDE. GNU Compiler, Linker and Libraries Enhanced GDB Debugger Supports LPC-Link Programmer and Debugger Developed by NxP Semiconductors and CodeRedTechnologies.

Project Advantages Our project offers protection even when the keyfob is stolen. We call it the real smart keyfob. This project allows us to track the vehicle even in GPS denied environments such as within buildings, underground and dense city regions. The present day motion and tilt alarms will alert the owner even for an unintentional touch by a passing person or an accidental hit by a ball from a playing child. Our system eliminates this with adjustable motion alarm sensitivity feature. A central user interface to configure and customize the vehicle security system which is not present in the previous vehicle designs. All the units are powered by a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 Microcontroller which is low cost, low power and provides superior performance compared to the available 8, 16 and 32-bit offerings from different vendors.

Software Embedded C Eclipse based LPCXpresso IDE Cortex-M3 Peripheral Device Drivers CMSIS from ARM

Abbreviations ARM – Advanced RISC Machine CMSIS – Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard I2C – Inter Integrated Circuit SPI – Serial Peripheral Interface MEMS – Micro Electro Mechanical System / Sensor TFT – Thin Film Transistor QVGA – Quarter VGA UART – Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter ADC – Analog to Digital Converter LCD – Liquid Crystal Display EFSL – Embedded File System Library FAT – File Allocation Table

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