Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 8 th grade Science FCAT 2.0 Review Slide 1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS Nature of Science Scientific Experimentation Slide 2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 3 Evidence, Data, and Conclusions Motion of objects traveling down a ramp Mass (g) Trial 1 Time (s) Trial 2 Time (s) Trial 3 Time (s) Car A Car B Car C Ball A Ball B Ball C Based solely on the data above, what is one conclusion you can make? What evidence do you have to support it? What other evidence would you like to have? SC.8.N.1.1, SC.8.N.1.3, SC.6.N.1.1, SC.7.N.1.1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 4 Experiment vs Investigation A scientist performs an experiment and asks other scientists around the world to replicate it. Why would other scientists most likely try to perform the same experiment? A. to find out if weather of various regions of the world would affect the results B. to see if the experiment would be less expensive in another part of the world C. to confirm the results of the experiment conducted by the scientist D. to verify that the hypothesis of the experiment is a scientific law SC.7.N.1.3, SC.6.N.1.3

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 5 Variables A researcher conducted an experiment to see if increasing water consumption lessens the visible effects of rotting in flowers. The dependent variable in this experiment was: a) rotting b) Increased water consumption c) The amount of water consumed d) The visible condition of the flowers SC.7.N.1.4

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 6 Hypotheses Kathryn wants to keep squirrels from eating the bird feed she puts out for the birds in her yard. She decides to conduct an experiment to see which types of feed the squirrels seem to prefer. Based on her observations, she hypothesizes that the squirrels prefer when berries are in the feed. Why was it important for Kathryn to generate a hypothesis prior to starting her experiment? SC.8.N.1.4

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 7 Replication vs Repetition Elizabeth conducted an experiment to determine the which toy car would travel the fastest down a ramp. She sent three different toy cars down a ramp five times each and recorded the time it took for the car to reach the bottom of the ramp. Elizabeth reported to her class that the smallest car had the greatest speed. After hearing Elizabeth’s results, her classmate Kelley wanted to conduct the same experiment because she felt the results might be inaccurate. Kelley followed Elizabeth’s exact procedures to conduct her own experiment. Which underlined sentence above is an example of replication and which is an example of repetition? Why are both activities important for science experimentation? SC.7.N.1.2, SC.6.N.1.2, SC.8.N.1.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 8 Comparing Investigations Stephen and his classmates are going on a field trip to a nature preserve. His teacher has told the class that when they return to school, they will be required to give a report on their trip and the animals and plants they saw while walking through the preserve. What is the BEST method Stephen can use to make sure he remembers everything he sees? A.He should bring a pad and pen to write down his observations. B.He should do research on the computer when he returns to class. C.He should ask his classmates to help him remember what he saw. D.He should look for a map of the nature preserve at the visitors' center. SC.6.N.1.4

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 9 Methods of Science SC.7.N.1.5, SC.8.N.1.5 Observation Hypothesis Data Conclusion Describe what each term above means in the context of scientific experimentation.

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 10 Using Models SC.7.N.3.2 Maria and her brother like to go fishing at the lake on Saturdays. They wondered if fish were more likely to bite at one time of day than another. They decided to try an experiment the next two Saturdays. On the first Saturday, it was hot and sunny, and they went fishing in the morning. Maria and her brother caught a total of five fish. On the second Saturday, it was overcast and cool, and they went fishing in the afternoon. They only caught a total of three fish this time. Can they conclude that fish bite better in the morning? A.Yes. They caught more fish in the morning, so morning is a better time to fish. B.B. Yes. It is more likely to be sunny in the morning, and fish bite better when it is sunny. C.C. No. They will need to repeat their experiment several times, since the weather conditions and times were different both days. D. No. They only did their experiment on Saturdays, so they don't know if they would get the same results on other days

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 11 Using Technology Explain how the pairs of technologies in the images above are used in science. In this respect, how are two pairs different and how are they similar? SC.8.E.5.10

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 12 Scientific Knowledge To what change in scientific knowledge does the cartoon above refer? SC.6.N.2.2(SC.8.N.1.5), SC.7.N.2.1(SC.7.N.1.7)

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 13 Explanations based on Evidence The Theory of Plate tectonics describes how the Earth’s crust moves and has been moving over time creating the surface as we know it today. What evidence could be/has been used to support this theory? How could we/do we model this theory? SC.8.N.1.6 (SC.7.N.1.6)

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 14 Theories vs Laws SC.7.N.3.1 (SC.6.N.3.1) Plate Tectonics Gravit y Conservation of Energy Evolution Which topics above relate to a theory and which to a law? How do theories and laws differ?

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 15 Modifying Theories Three of the many models of the atom are shown above. Describe some of the ways that the Atomic Theory has changed over time. SC.8.N.3.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS Earth Science Slide 16

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS Slide 17 Comparing Objects in Space How do the objects above compare to Earth in terms of size, distance from the Sun, and atmospheric composition? Jupiter Betelgeuse The Moon SC.8.E.5.3

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS Slide 18 Properties of the Sun SC.8.E.5.6 Terms Chromosphere Convection Zone Core Corona Photosphere Prominence Radiation Zone Solar Flare Sunspots I

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS Slide 19 Role of Gravity SC.8.E.5.4 Explain the role that gravity had in creating the Sun, planets, stars, etc.

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS Slide 20 Seasons and Moon Phases Go to Google and search Think about: -When it is Summer in England (UK), what season is it in Florida? -How are the Earth, Moon, and Sun lined up when there is a new moon? SC.8.E.5.9

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS Slide 21 Eclipses Go to Twig and search Eclipses Think about: Can more people see a Solar or Lunar eclipse? Explain your answer SC.8.E.5.9

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS Slide 22Tides Go to Twig and plug in Tides Think about: Why do opposite sides of the Earth have high tide at the same time? SC.8.E.5.9

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS Slide 23 Rock Cycle Go to Twig and plug in search word Rock Cycle Think about: What are the processes that change rocks? Which ones happen on the surface and which ones happen below the surface of Earth? SC.7.E.6.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS Slide 24Weathering, Erosion, Deposition Meandering Stream River Delta Cracked Rock after Expansion Explain how water is changing the landscape in each image above. Be sure to indicate whether the image shows weathering, erosion, or deposition SC.6.E.6.1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 25. Landforms Label the images above as either a dune, delta, or sinkhole. Which of these features can be found in Florida? SC.6.E.6.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 26. Measuring Age of Earth SC.7.E.6.3 The oldest rock formation identified on Earth is found on the shoreline of Hudson Bay in Canada. This rock formed 4.28 billion years ago. Which information does a scientist need to most accurately determine the age of a rock? A.the percentage of each mineral that makes up the rock B. the thickness of younger rock layers that cover the rock C.the amount of each radioactive element present in the rock D.the amount of weathering present on the surface of the rock

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 27. Spheres SC.6.E.7.4 GeosphereHydrosphere Cryosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Identify what spheres are shown in each of the pictures above?

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 28. Weather Patterns SC.6.E.7.2, SC.6.E.7.3 How does the ocean circulation pattern shown above effect Florida’s weather? What will happen to the weather when the cold air reaches the warm Florida air?

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 29. Weather vs Climate SC.6.E.7.6 Which map above shows Weather and which shows Climate? Explain your choice.

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 30. Atmosphere The interaction between the cryosphere and hydrosphere can have an impact on Earth’s oceans. Which of the following is an example of an interaction between the cryosphere and hydrosphere? F. evaporation of water from oceans at the equator G. release of fresh water into ocean water as icebergs melt H. decomposition of organic matter at the bottom of oceans I. release of large amounts of salt from icebergs into the ocean SC.6.E.7.9

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 31. Radiation, Conduction, Convection Heating of air over the road causing a mirage Hot air rises, cold air sinks Sun’s heat travels through space Which type of heat transfer does each image represent? SC.6.E.7.1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS Physical Science 32 Physical Properties

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 33. Physical Properties SC.8.P.8.4 Ethan is observing chemical and physical properties of a substance. He heats a substance and observes that the substance turns from a brown solid to a black powder. He refers to several chemistry journals that claim this represents a chemical reaction. From his observation and research, he concludes that the substance goes through a chemical change when heated. How can Ethan best defend his conclusion? A.by demonstrating that the substance will eventually melt if the temperature continues to increase B.by verifying that the substance is now made up of different molecules than before it was heated C.by verifying that the substance is made up of only one type of element D.by demonstrating that the substance is less dense after it is heated

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 34. Density 1)How is density calculated? 2) If two objects have the same volume but one has a greater mass, the one with greater mass a) Has a lower density b) Has a higher density c) Will float d) Will sink 3. If two objects have the same volume but one is made up of smaller and heavier atoms, the one with small heavy atoms will a) Be larger than the other b) Be less dense than the other c) Be more dense than the other d) Float 4. If you cut a wooden block in half, each half would have a) Half the density of the original piece b) Twice the density of the original piece c) The same density as the original piece d) No density at all SC.8.P.8.3

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 35. Atoms and Elements Label the parts of the atoms above. What is the difference between a Carbon atom and a Nitrogen atom? SC.8.P.8.7

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 36. Elements and Compounds SC.8.P.8.5 Hydrogen + Oxygen Sodium + Chlorine Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen Wate r SaltSugar Match the elements (in blue) to the compounds (in red) that they create.

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 37. Pure Substances vs Mixtures Go to Twig to Search Mixtures, click on Factpack: Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Think about: What is the main difference between a compound and a mixture? SC.8.P.8.9

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 38. Solutions Identify the solute and solvent for each of the solutions above as either a solid, liquid, or gas. SC.8.P.8.9

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 39. Motion of Particles Search Twig for Solids, Liquids and Gases Search Twig for States of Matter Think about: Why do the particles in gases move more freely than those in solids or liquids? SC.8.P.8.1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 40. Periodic Table Which of these elements has properties most similar to Magnesium: Sodium, Calcium, or Manganese? How do you know? SC.8.P.8.6

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 41. Acids, Bases, and Salts SC.8.P.8.8 What is this scale describing?

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 42.Physical vs Chemical Changes Which images above are examples of physical changes and which are chemical changes? How do you know? SC.8.P.9.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 43.Conservation of Mass 500 g total mass Explain why the total mass is the same before and after the experiment if a gas was formed and inflated the balloon. Before reaction After reaction SC.8.P.9.1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 44. Temperature and Chemical Changes Search for temperature and rate of reactions on chem4kids.com What effect does increasing the temperature have on how fast a chemical reaction takes place? SC.8.P.9.3

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 45.Sun’s Radiation Match these words to the words above: Infrared, Visible Light, and Ultraviolet? (Hint: think about infrared camera) SC.7.P.10.1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 46.Electromagnetic Spectrum Which side has a larger wavelength? Left or right? Which side has a higher frequency? Left or right? SC.8.E.5.11

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 47.Speed of Waves Light Wave What happens to the speed of the light as it travels from the air, through the glass, and then through the water? SC.7.P.10.3

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 48.Reflect, Refract, Absorb A B C Label the images above with the correct term concerning the motion of light waves. Explain your choices SC.7.P.10.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 49.Transformation of Energy Go to Twig to search Energy Transformation Think about: What are some examples of each type of energy (chemical, thermal, electrical, mechanical, light, and nuclear)? SC.7.P.11.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 50.Potential vs Kinetic Energy Search “Potential Energy” on Twig Think about: When is a rollercoaster cart’s potential energy the greatest? Where is the potential energy being transformed into kinetic energy when riding a rollercoaster? SC.6.P.11.1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 51.Law of Conservation of Energy When electric power is carried over long distances through power lines, the electrical energy decreases as the distance increases. This energy decrease occurs because the current encounters resistance in the wires. What happens to the electrical energy as it travels through the power lines? F. The energy converts into thermal energy and is released into the atmosphere. G. The energy converts into electromagnetic energy and is released as microwaves. H. The energy is transferred to the current’s electrons as the power lines are grounded. I. The energy is transferred to the air as light energy as it travels along the power lines. SC.7.P.11.3

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 52.Heat Flow A B C Label the examples of heat flow above as either radiation, conduction, or convection. Explain your choices SC.7.P.11.4

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 53.Adding and Removing Heat There are two glasses of milk, one at 40°C and the other at 80°C. What is the difference between the two? A) The glass of milk at 40°C has more thermal energy B) the glass of milk at 80°C has more thermal energy C) Both glasses have an equal amount of thermal energy D) thermal energy is not dependent on temperature SC.7.P °C 80°C

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 54.Types of Forces Forces Think about: What force works against an object traveling horizontally? What kind of force (balanced or unbalanced) changes an object’s motion? SC.6.P.13.1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 55. Distance, Mass, and Gravity An object moves through space with balanced forces acting on it. Which statement best describes the speed and direction of the object as long as the forces acting on it remain balanced? F. The speed and direction of the object will both change. G. The speed and direction of the object will remain constant. H. The speed will change, but the direction will remain constant. I. The speed will remain constant, but the direction will change. SC.6.P.13.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 56. Weight vs Mass 93.1 N 9.5g Which instrument is measuring the object’s mass and which is measuring the object’s weight? Why are the numbers different? Explain your thinking An object is placed on the digital scale and spring scale below and the following readings are observed SC.8.P.8.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 57. Unbalanced Forces Google unbalanced forces Think about: In order for the object to move, which force had to be overcome? SC.6.P.13.3

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 58. Distance vs Time A B C Describe the motion of the object during each section. SC.6.P.12.1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 59. Life Science Organization of Organisms

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 60 Hierarchy BACDEFG Label the pictures above as: atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, or organism. Then put them in order of increasing complexity. SC.6.L.14.1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 61 Cell Theory All living things are made out of cells Cells are the smallest unit of life All cells have a nucleus and cholorplasts All cells come from other cells Which of the above statements is NOT part of the Cell Theory? How do you know? SC.6.L.14.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 62 Homeostasis What processes of cellular homeostasis are represented by the images above? Explain why those processes are important. SC.6.L.14.3

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 63 Parts of a Cell Go to Twig, Search “What is a Cell” Think about: What are some key differences between plant cells, animal cells, and bacteria cells? SC.6.L.14.4

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 64 Human Body Systems Go to Twig, Search “Human Body Systems” Think about: How would a problem with your lungs effect your heart? SC.6.L.14.5

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 65 Infectious Agents Bacteria Fungus Virus Compare and contrast the infectious agents above. Include information about how they are transmitted and treated and if/how they can be prevented SC.6.L.14.6 Google each Infectious Agent

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 66 Classification What are the 3 Domains and how do the 6 Kingdoms fit within them? SC.6.L.15.1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 67 Natural Selection Go to Twig, search “Natural Selection” What is natural selection? Why is it important? SC.7.L.15.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 68 Fossil Evidence Go to Twig, Search “Fossil Evidence” Think about: What is some fossil evidence that has been gathered to explain the evolution from land mammals to aquatic mammals? SC.7.L.15.1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 69 Adaptation or Extinction Explain how polar bears would have to adapt to their changing environment in order to avoid extinction SC.7.L.15.3

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 70 Punnett Squares Think about: What is the difference between genes that are dominant and recessive? What is the difference between phenotype and genotype? SC.7.L.16.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 71 Mitosis and Meiosis A B Which of the cells above went through mitosis and which went through meiosis? How do you know? SC.7.L.16.3

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 72 Relationships between Organisms Organism Benefited Organism Unaffected Organism Harmed GO to Twig, Search: Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Place the terms correctly in the Venn Diagram. Give an example of each relationship. SC.7.L.17.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 73 Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers Go to Twig, Search “Food Webs” Think about: What role does each organism have in the food chain/web? SC.7.L.17.1

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 74 Limiting Factors Which limiting factors are represented by the images above? What are examples of additional limiting factors? SC.7.L.17.3

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 75 Conservation of Mass and Energy Energy: states that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant over time. This law means that energy can change its location within the system, and that it can change form within the system but not change in amount of total energy. Mass: states that the mass of an isolated system will remain constant over time. This law means that mass cannot be created or destroyed, although it may be rearranged in space and changed into different types of particles Create a statement that combines both laws into one concept. Give an example of how these laws apply to living systems. SC.8.L.18.4

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 76 Photosynthesis and Respiration Think about: What is created during photosynthesis that is used by the plant for energy? What is created during photosynthesis that is used by humans? SC.8.L.18.1, SC.8.L.18.2

Created by: R. Hallett-Njuguna, SCPS 77 Carbon Cycle Go to twig, Search for “Carbon Cycle” Think about: What are some reservoirs (storage) of carbon in the environment? SC.8.L.18.3