The Antebellum Period Unit 8: Standard 8-4.1

Unit 8 Table of Contents: The Antebellum Period Item Name/Description 1. Bellwork 2. Notes: The Antebellum North and South 3. Differences Between the North and South Handout 4. Notes: The Cotton Gin 5. Cotton Gin Diagram 6. Analyzing History Handout 7. SC Society Pyramid 8. Notes: SC Society 9. “Who Were They?” Bluebook Assignment 10. Society Story 11. Chart Questions 12. Notes: Daily Life of Plantation Slaves 13. Slave and Cotton Graph 14. Comparing and Contrasting Slaves Handout 15. Study Guide Unit 8 Table of Contents: The Antebellum Period

The Antebellum North and South

Use your Stems!!! Ante – Before Bellum – War The period before the war, especially the American Civil War…approx. 1800- 1861.

The North Large population-Free Few Slaves Economy based on industry/manufacturing Well-developed railroad system Many large cities Diverse population-lots of immigrants

The South Small free population Large slave population Economy almost entirely based on agriculture Very few immigrants Small number of railroads Few urban areas (few cities-none big)

Bellwork: Tuesday 1/5/16 Why did the north and the south differ on the issue of slavery?

The Cotton Gin

Remember What You Learned Earlier… Colonial Period – Headright Sysyem – More people/workers in the colony Cash Crops – Rice and Indigo – mostly in the LowCountry No real cash crop for the BackCountry Cotton – Around, but not profitable…those @#$%% seeds!!!!

Stupid Cat!!!! Eli Whitney invents the cotton “gin” (short for engine). All of a sudden, cotton is VERY profitable.

http://www. eliwhitney http://www.eliwhitney.org/new/sites/default/files/minisites/cotton/patent. html

Cotton…Spreads the Wealth The South made Ka –RA-ZE $$ from growing cotton. Also helped the North, because their textile factories also profitted from more work. Also increased the population of the West as farmers searched for new lands in which to grow more cotton.

Not all good… Cotton and the wealth it created also increased the demand for labor….which meant slaves in the South. The slave population increased tremendously across the South during the Antebellum period. More slaves = More cotton you can produce = more $$$ you make.

Cotton Diagram: p. 5 http://www.eliwhitney.org/new/sites/default/files/minisites/cotton/patent. html

Bellwork: Wednesday 1/6/16 How did the cotton gin impact the US? (North, South and West)

Bellwork: Thursday 1/7/16 What made the planters’ lifestyle possible?

The 4 Social Classes in Antebellum South Carolina

The population of South Carolina could be divided into 4 social classes during the Antebellum period: The plantation system dominated SC politics and society The strict class system in SC was based on slavery Planters Yeomen Farmers Poor Whites Slaves

The Planters Only a small percentage of SC’s population belonged to this class They enjoyed great wealth, social position and political influence as a result of their dependence on slave labor

The Planters’ Homes

Summer Homes

Winter Homes

Planters’ Fashion

Most goods were produced on the plantation and both the master and the mistress had responsibilities for making the plantation work Business decisions, including the marketing of the crops and the managing of the slave population was the responsibility of the master The mistress (master’s wife) oversaw the running of the house

Yeoman Farmers Middle class Made up of more than half of the white population Small farmers Some owned slaves Had large families: 12-15 children

Most slaveholders belonged to the Yeoman class Most slaveholders belonged to the Yeoman class. Most of the slave population was owned by the Yeoman famer Might have owned as many as 10 slaves, but usually worked alongside them 75% of southerners had no slaves Rented out slaves to get extra money

Very religious. Attended church every Sunday. Held revival meetings Most were taught at home Some attended school “seasonally” (during non-planting times) The Bible was the textbook Social Activities: Picnics, militia musters, corn shucking, and barn raisings

Yeoman Farmer Housing

Poor Whites 125,000 in SC Not allowed to live on good farm land Live in Sandhills or pinelands Little to eat, malnutrition, malaria Looked down on by whites and blacks

Answer the following questions: Copy the questions What group makes up the largest class in the South? What group makes up the smallest class in the South? Which class in South Carolina controlled the social and political structure during the Antebellum period? Why was this class able to have power in South Carolina? What myth does this graph disprove about the South?

Bellwork: Friday 1/8/16 What percentage of southerners owned slaves? How did the cotton gin increase the demand for slaves? Who invented the cotton gin? Without looking at the pyramid in your notes, draw another pyramid and label the social groups

Bellwork: Monday 1/11/16 House Slaves Yard Slaves Field Slaves Complete the Venn diagram below House Slaves Yard Slaves Field Slaves We are selling chocolate to raise money for the Harlem Renaissance and the 8th grade prom! $1.00

Daily Life of Slaves

House Servants Planter Elite Skilled Servants Religion Overseer A Positive Good? Cotton Fields Slave Quarters Resistance Control Daily Life of Slaves

Field Slaves Majority worked in the fields, dawn to dusk, 6 days a week All worked: men, women and children Under control of Overseer or Slave Driver

House Servants Some slaves worked in the owner’s home Cooks, laundress, maids, butlers, raising the owner’s children

Skilled Servants/Yard Slave Diverse skills Carpenters, Blacksmiths, Masons, Slave Driver Often rented out Often more valuable

Slave Quarters “Slave Street” Near the Big House Small cabins, dirt floors

Control Slave Codes Slave Patrol Punishments Rewards Religion Threats

Daily Life of Slaves Owner provided food, clothing and shelter...sometimes allowed to have a garden Forbidden to read and write Different owners-different treatment Families often separated (marriages not legally recognized)

Resistance Runaway Sabotage/destruction of property Slow work Feigning illness Rebellion-very rare

Religion Converted to Christianity Attended owner controlled church Preacher told them to be content with their place in the world “Secret” prayer meeting and spirituals placed emphasis on freedom

Overseer Poor white hired to manage the day to day actions of slaves Assistance from slave drivers-trusted slave given responsibility of managing other slaves

Planter Elite Top of society Great wealth, social position and political power Plantations were self-sufficient Both master and mistress had responsibilities on plantation The mistress oversaw the running of the house and cared for slaves when sick Master managed business of plantation

“A positive good”? Southerners justification for slavery Claimed that slaves were better cared for than northern factory workers This argument contributed to growing sectionalism that divided the nation