Page #DescriptionDatePoints What is a living system notes9/ presentation notes9/ Types of living things9/ presentation notes9/ Chapter 2 Vocabulary Crossword9/1110

Chapter Two: Living Things 2.1 Is it Alive? 2.2 What is a Living System? 2.3 Types of Living Things

2.2 What is a Living System? As a living system, your body is organized to use matter and energy to move, grow, and survive.

2.2 What is a Living System? Living systems are made of many different molecules. A molecule is a basic unit of matter. Your body contains molecules that store energy, control life functions, and even hold all of the information needed to make another you! How are you different from this one- celled organism?

2.2 What is a Living System? Living systems—like you—contain many levels of organization. –A cell is the basic unit of a living system. –A group of specialized cells that performs a particular function is called a tissue. –An organ is a group of tissues that works together to carry out a set of functions. –A group of organs that works together to perform a set of functions is called an organ system.

2.2 What is a Living System? Living things can respond to changes in their surroundings to maintain a steady internal environment. The process of maintaining a life- supporting system is called homeostasis.

Variables and living systems All sorts of variables affect an organism’s ability to stay alive. These include temperature, food, water, and the level of oxygen. All organisms have built-in processes to help them survive when variables change. Your normal body temperature is 37°C. How does sweating or shivering help you maintain a constant body temperature?

What is sweating? Sweating is your body trying to keep from overheating. Your body releases moisture that then evaporates cooling your skin. The skin is full of tiny blood vessels that are then cooled the transfer this cooling effect throughout the body. Variables and living systems

What is shivering? Shivering is the muscles of your body rapidly moving to generate heat. This heat is used to keep the core of the body warm so that warm blood can be moved to the important parts, brain and internal organs. Shivering uses energy so if you start to shiver you need to find another way to keep warm. Variables and living systems

Chapter Two: Living Things 2.1 Is it Alive? 2.2 What is a Living System? 2.3 Types of Living Things

What are the different types of life and how do we classify them? One system of classification groups all living things into one of six kingdoms: Archaebacteria – ancient bacteria Eubacteria – true bacteria Protista – single celled but have a nucleus –Protists are both producers and consumers Fungi – multi-celled but do not produce or eat Plantae – multi-celled producers Animalia – multi-celled consumer

2.3 Types of Living Things To classify a living thing into one of the kingdoms, scientists ask 3 questions: 1.Does it have prokaryotic (simple) or eukaryotic (complex) cells? 2.Is it single-celled (one-celled) or multicellular (many-celled)? 3.Does it get energy by making its own food (as a producer) or by getting food from other organisms (as a consumer)?

Monera Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdom Monera was originally both archaebacteria and eubacteria combined This is no longer true since archaebacteria and eubacteria are very different Archaebacteria is far more primitive and found in extreme environments like vents on the sea floor Eubacteria are found almost everywhere else and have a different chemical make up Both archaebacteria (ancient bacteria) and eubacteria (true bacteria) are both prokaryotic (no nucleus)

Kingdom Fungi Fungi includes mushrooms, molds, and yeast. Fungi were originally classified as plants, they are not because they do not produce their own food. Fungi are not animals either because they do not eat –They release digestive enzymes into their surroundings and then absorb the nutrients directly into their cells

2.3 Plant and Animal Kingdoms Compared

2.3 Types of Living Things? Taxonomy is the process of identifying and classifying living things. Organisms with shared characteristics are grouped together. What characteristic do these organisms share?

2.3 Types of Living Things? For animals, the levels of classification are: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. At what level are these two animals classified differently?

Doorway Quiz tomorrow!!!! You must know the 6 kingdoms –Archaebacteria –Eubacteria –Protista –Fungi –Plantae –Animalia