ELECTRICITY. ATOMIC STRUCTURE All matter is made of atoms Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons protons neutrons electrons.

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Presentation transcript:

ELECTRICITY

ATOMIC STRUCTURE All matter is made of atoms Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons protons neutrons electrons

ATOMIC CHARGE Protons have a positive charge Electrons have a negative charge Neutrons have no charge

In atoms the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons Most atoms have a total charge of zero ATOMIC CHARGE

ATOMIC FORCES Attraction occurs between particles with opposite charges Repulsion occurs between particles with the same charge

CHARGE INTERACTION

ELECTRIC FIELD SURROUNDS EVERY CHARGED PARTICLE

ELECTRIC FIELD STRONGEST NEAR THE CHARGED PARTICLE; WEAKER FARTHER AWAY FROM THE CHARGE

ELECTRIC FIELD THE FIELDS AROUND CHARGED PARTICLES INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER

IONS AND CHARGES Electrons can move from one atom to another

IONS AND CHARGES Electrons can move from one atom to another

IONS AND CHARGES Positive chargenegative charge Electrons can move from one atom to another

IONS AND CHARGES Atoms that gain or lose electrons form ions Any atom that has a different number of electrons that it has protons is called an ion

CHARGING OBJECTS GIVING AN OJBECT AN ELECTRIC CHARGE BY MOVING ELECTRONS

What is static electricity? When two objects rub against each other electrons transfer and build up on an object causing it to have a different charge from its surroundings. Like the shoes rubbing against the carpet. Electrons are transferred from the carpet to the shoes.

STATIC ELECTRICITY The buildup of electric charges on an object Can produce electrical discharge

Check out these static electricity video clips Static electricity at a gas station Van de Graaf Generator’s effect on human hair Static on Baby’s hair Kid gets static going down a slide “Cat abuse” by static electricity What is a conductor and insulator? A conductor is a material which allows an electric current to pass. Metals are good conductors of electricity. An insulator is a material which does not allow an electric current to pass. Nonmetals are good conductors of electricity. Plastic, glass, wood, and rubber are good insulators

FRICTION Rubbing one object on another object causes electrons to be passed from the first object to the second CHARGING OBJECTS

conduction one object comes in contact with another object causes electrons to be passed from the first object to the second CHARGING OBJECTS

induction one object comes close to another object causes electrons to be rearranged on the second object CHARGING OBJECTS