Ch. 27, Sec. 5 Imperialism in Southeast Asia Advanced World History Adkins

Setting the Stage European powers wanted Southeast Asia (called the Pacific Rim) for its: – strategic location (along the sea route to China) – its sources of agriculture, minerals, and oil.

European Powers Invade the Pacific Rim  Dutch Dutch – Indonesia (called Dutch East Indies) in addition to many other islands  oil, tin, rubber Many Dutch permanently moved to Indonesia – Created a rigid social class system (they were on top) – Forced farmers to devote 1/5 of land to a specified cash crop

European Powers Invade the Pacific Rim  Britain Britain  – Singapore - great harbor – Malaysia - tin, rubber Encouraged Chinese to move to Malaysia to get the tin and rubber  Malays became a minority in their own country  conflicts between Chinese and Malays

European Powers Invade the Pacific Rim  France French took Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia  – overseas market and Christianity – Called French Indochina French took all important government positions, did not support local industry, and required that more rice be produced (but this rice was exported so peasant consumption of rice actually decreased)

Colonial Impact Mixed Results – Millions of people migrated to SE Asia to work  melting pot of religions  conflict (even today) – Economies grew (but in large part due to cash crops) but most of the profits went to the Europeans – Transportation and Communication improved (but mostly benefitted Europeans) – Education, health, and sanitation improved – Villages became less self-sufficient (cash crops)

Siam Remains Independent Siam (later Thailand) lied between colonies controlled by Britain and France  neither wanted the other to take control of this land Siam, under the leadership of King Mongkut, remained independent, because it reformed on its own. – Started schools – Reformed the legal system – Reorganized the government

U.S. Imperialism in the Pacific Islands Two groups were behind U.S. colonization of other nations 1.Empire Builders  Destiny 2.Businesses\Entrepreneurs  Raw Materials and Markets  $$$$

The Philippines Change Hands U.S. acquired Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam at end of Spanish-American War (U.S. vs. Spain over Cuban independence) Nationalists, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, fought against U.S. rule. They were defeated. U.S. promised to prepare them for self-rule – Set up schools, roads, RR’s – However, also forced cash-crops  food shortages

Hawaii U.S. became interested because Hawaii is a port on the way to Asia. Also, sugar production became successful – by mid 1800’s, sugar = 75% of Hawaii’s wealth  American sugar plantation owners became politically powerful in Hawaii Annexing Hawaii would = more profit for sugar producers 1893 – Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by the American sugar producers (she was a threat to their power) Sanford B. Dole became first president of Hawaii  it was then annexed by the U.S.