Linux Operating System By: Julie Dunbar

Overview Definitions History and evolution of Linux Current development In reality ◦United States  Business users  Individual users and manufacturers ◦World Wide

What is Linux? Linux is defined as a “Unix-like” operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution.

…Open Source? Open Source is a type of software liberally license to grant users the right to use, copy, study, change, and improve its design through the availability of its source code.

…Operating System?

From the Beginning Unix ◦Released from AT&T’s Bell Laboratories in ◦Open source until 1984, which led to an initial growth of popularity.

Further Ahead GNU Project ◦1983 through the early 1990’s. ◦Richard Stallman. ◦Goal: create a Unix compatible software system composed of entirely free software. ◦The Free Software Foundation. ◦GNU General Public License (GNU GPL). ◦Wrote Unix like applications including libraries, compilers, text editors, Unix shell, and a windowing system. ◦Where’s the kernel?

Even Further Ahead Minix ◦Andrew S. Tanenbaum. ◦Fully completed Unix-like operating system. ◦Catch: Designed and licensed for computer educational use only.

In the End Linux ◦Linus Torvalds ◦Step 1 – Took Minix and wrote a kernel to replace the Minix kernel. ◦Step 2 – Adopted GNU applications to work with the Linux kernel. ◦Step 3 – Applied the GNU GPL to his product. ◦Step 4 – Complete integration of GNU applications and Linux kernel to create the fully functional and free operating system.

Current Development Embedded systems Servers Supercomputers Desktops Most popular Linux Distributions: ◦Linux Mint ◦Ubuntu ◦Fedora ◦Debian ◦OpenSUSE Torvalds remains working on the kernel. Stallman leads the Free Software Foundation and develops GNU applications. Third party developers.

Business Users The Linux Foundation conducted a survey with 1,900 people, 428 respondents of whom work for organizations with sales of more than $500 million or 500+ employees Key points ◦Continuing use of Linux ◦Linux is able to handle “Big Data” ◦Top reasons for businesses choosing Linux

Continuing use of Linux Relative to other operating systems, in the next five years do you think the use of Linux in your company or organization will: Increase 79.8% Stay the same 11.3% Not sure 7.5% Decrease 1.4%

Big Data In the next 12 months, what are your company’s plans to support Big Data? Adding more Linux 71.8% Adding more Windows 35.9% Adding more Unix 28.7% Have no plans to add more servers 17.6%

Top Reasons for Linux What are your drivers for adopting Linux? Lower total cost of ownership (TCO) 70.0% Features/technical superiority 68.6% Security 63.6% In-house talent experience with Linux 52.7% No vendor lock-in 52.5% Openness, ability to modify code 50.8% Long-term viability of platform 47.5% Choice of software 38.5% Choice of hardware 37.1% Other (please specify) 5.0%

Single Users Not that many ◦Many people do not want the trouble. Solutions ◦Buy a laptop/desktop with Linux installed on it.

Eight Virtues Price $799 - $1699 Intel Core GHz Dual Core 64 bit processors 2 – 4 GB memory 120 – 256 GB Hard Drive Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, Mandriva, openSUSE, PCLinuxOS, Sabayon Linux, Linux Mint.

Emperor Linux Price $ $ MHz processors Gb RAM 128 – 500 GB Hard Drive Fedora, Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (SLED), openSUSE, Fedora, Debian, and SlackWare

Los Alamos Computers Price $ $ – 3.5 GHz processors 4 – 8 GB RAM 160 – 500 GB Hard Drive Fedora 15, Ubuntu and 10.10, and Tisquel **Clearance Units**

System76 Price $670 - $1879 2nd Generation Intel Core i7 and Extreme i7 CPU's 8 – 32 GB memory 750 GB TB hard drive Ubuntu only Servers

ZaReason Price $599 - $ – 3.06 GHz 4 – 12 GB 250 – 750 GB Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, Kubuntu, Linux Mint, Edubuntu and others The Chimera

World Wide Users Today Linux is being used in… ◦The Federal Government of Brazil ◦Russian Military ◦Indian State of Kerala’s High school’s ◦China ◦Spain ◦Portugal ◦France ◦Germany

Conclusion Operating Systems Evolution and current status of Linux Statistics on business users Provided manufacturers for individual users Listed some users around the world

Sources w_Heights_in_Enterprises_Study_Finds?page=1&taxonomy Id= linux-desktop-vendors/9313?tag=content;siu-container