WHO WANTS TO BE A MILLIONAIRE? Chapter 11

A:B: Gene pool Allele frequency #1 A measure of how commonly a particular allele Occurs in a population is known as the C:D: Mutation rate Phenotype

B. Allele Frequency

A:B: EvolveMigrate #2 The more genetic variation a population Has, the more likely it is that some Individuals will C:D: Survive Mutate

C. Survive

A:B: MutationGene flow #3 Genetic variation can arise from a random Change in the DNA of a gene. This change is Called a(n) C:D: Gene Pool Allele

A. Mutation

A:B: MutationsHybridization #4 The normal shuffling of alleles during Meiosis results is C:D: Reproduction Recombination

D. Recombination

A:B: Mutation #5 Which term means the crossing of Two different species that share common Genes? C:D: Population Recombination Hybridization

B. Hybridization

A:B: SelectionMicroevolution #6 What is the observable change in the Allele frequencies of a population over Time called? C:D: Distribution Recombination

B. Microevolution

A:B: Disruptive selection Stabilizing selection #7 Natural selection that changes the Distribution of a trait to favor one Extreme phenotype is called C:D: Normalizing selection Directional selection

of D. Directional Selection

A:B: The population shifts toward one of two extreme phenotypes Both extreme phenotypes shift toward the middle #8 In stabilizing selection, what occurs in A population? C:D: The intermediate phenotype becomes more common The intermediate phenotype becomes rare

C. The intermediate phenotype becomes more common

A:B: Normal Disruptive #9 A population that is not undergoing Natural selection displays what type of Distribution? C:D: Directional Stabilizing

A. Normal

A:B: Directional Disruptive #10 In a population of birds, intermediate Beak size is selected against, and both Very small and very large beak sizes are Favored. What type of selection is this An example of? C:D: NormalStabilizing

B. Disruptive

A:B: Gene flow Gene pool #11 Chance changes in allele frequencies Within a population are called C:D: Genetic driftSexual selection

C. Genetic drift

A:B: Founder effect Bottleneck effect #12 A small number of birds, blown off course During migration, find an island and Colonize it. This population will most Likely experience genetic drift as a result Of the C:D: Sexual Selections Mutations

A. Founder effect

A:B: Bottleneck effect Intrasexual selection #13 Fighting between male elephant seals Over females is an example of C:D: Intersexual Selection Founder effect

B. Intrasexual Effect

A:B: Genetic driftSexual selection #14 What increases genetic variation when animals Move from one population to another population? C:D: Bottleneck effect Gene flow

D. Gene flow

A:B: Genetic variation is lost Alleles can’t become fixed #15 A problem in all populations influenced By the bottleneck effect is that C:D: Offspring inherit harmful alleles Chance no longer affects them

A. Genetic variation is lost

A:B: The population is small Gene flow is common #16 Which of the following conditions Could mean that a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? C:D: Mating is randomMutations occur frequently

C. Mating is random

A:B: Estimate the rate of mutations in a population Determine the likelihood random mating #17 The Hardy-Weinberg equation is used to C:D: Calculate the gene flow rate among organisms Predict genotype frequencies in a population

D. Predict genotype frequencies in a population

A:B: Sexual selection Controlled mating #18 The five factors that can lead to evolution Are gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, Natural selection, and C:D: Emigration Immigration

A. Sexual Selection

A:B: Death of the organism in which they develop Genetic variation needed for a population to evolve. #18 Mutations are important because They bring about C:D: Benefits for the individual, but not for the populaiton Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within a population

B. Genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

A:B: Mutations are rarely passed of offspring Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is rare #19 Which of the following statements Applies to real populations? C:D: Gene flow represses alleles for desirable traits Evolution cannot occur in large populations

B. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is rare

A:B: Combining of two species to form one with different traits. Isolation that affects mating behaviour. #20 What is speciation? C:D: Timing of mating that prevents normal sexual selection. Divergence of two or more species from an existing one.

b. Divergence of two or more species from an existing one.

A:B: Temporal behavioural #21 A difference of chemical scents between two populations is an example of what type of isolation? C:D: geographic disruptive

b. behavioural.

A:B: …Geographic isolation …Behavioral isolation #22 An earthquake causes an ocean channel to open up on an island where a low area previously existed. The island’s lizard population is now separated on the two parts of the island, providing an example of… C:D: …Disruptive isolation …Temporal isolation

A. Geographic isolation.

A:B: Populations of the same types of seal live on islands too far apart to swim to one another. Species of birds have elaborate courtship dances, and females select only the “best” males #23 Which of the following examples illustrate a temporal barrier to mating between populations? C:D: Varieties of oak tree produce pollen during different seasons, so they can’t pollinate one another Herds of caribou misinterpret one another’s mating behaviour, so they fight instead of mate.

C. Varieties of oak trees produce pollen at different seasons, so they can’t pollinate one another.

A:B: Geographic sexual #24 What type of isolation occurs when two populations of birds have different courtship dances? C:D: Temporal behavioral

D. Behavioral

A:B: Genetic mutation Natural selection #25 Which of the following processes is considered to be “random”? C:D: Adaptive radiation coevolution

A. Genetic mutation

A:B: Sexual selection Temporal isolation #26 The American Flying squirrel and flying phalanger of Australia live in similar environments and look very similar. However, they are not closely related. Their resemblance is most likely an example of… C:D: Divergent evolution Convergent evolution

C. Convergent evolution

A:B: Have lived unchanged. Are becoming more like each other. #27 The Galápagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean have varied habitats. Divergent evolution is occurring on these islands – meaning the species that live there… C:D: Change in response to what they encounter. Had common ancestors, but have become difference.

D. Had common ancestors, but are becoming increasingly different.

A:B: Convergent evolution #28 Like all flowering plants, the snapdragon must be pollinated to reproduce, but it’s flowers are closed. A bumblebee has just enough weight to open a snapdragon flower by landing upon it. This adaptation is an example of…. C:D: Divergent evolution speciation Coevolution

D. Coevolution

A:B: radiation coevolution #29 The total and permanent disappearance of a species from Earth is called C:D: extinction equilibrium

C. Extinction

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