Warm-up 2/21: Measure the length of your hand in cm. Place ruler up on desk & Stand your hand up. Measure from bottom of palm to tip of tallest finger. Use your phone or a friends phone and enter your results at or link on Mr. E’s page Turn in flipbook. Study for quiz.

DISRUPTING GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM Ch pp Warm-up 2/26: What are the 5 conditions for Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium? Define and give an example for: Superposition Phylogeny Allele Frequency Gene Pool Study for Quiz

DISRUPTING GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM Ch pp Warm-up 2/29: What are the 5 conditions for Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium? What is genetic equilibrium? Explain the equilibrium. What 5 conditions would disturb this genetic equilibrium?

Definitions..  Evolution is the change in a population’s genetic material (alleles) over generations.  A population is in genetic equilibrium if it’s not evolving

Natural Selection (3 Types) Rules Organisms best suited to their environment live to reproduce and pass on their genes Acts on a phenotype Varying types of selection

WHAT PUSHES A POPULATION OUT OF EQUILIBRIUM? 5 Factors Population is in equilibrium

I. Mutation  Produces and introduces new alleles in a population

II. Migration/ Gene Flow  Movement of individuals in or out of a population  Immigration – In (Entering population)  Emigration – Out (Leaving population)

III. Genetic Drift  The amount of an allele changes due to random events  Affects small populations mostly  Lose alleles if not enough to mate or a catastrophe occurs

III. Genetic Drift The amount of an allele changes due to random events  EX: extreme weather, disease, habitat destruction, etc  Affects small populations mostly! Case Study: Population of the nearly extinct northern Elephant Seal have lost genetic variability—individuals are homozygous for all their genes tested. This result of genetic drift makes the species vulnerable to extinction.

 Can amplify certain traits and reduce others through sexual selection  Sexual Selection - Choose mates based on specific traits and those traits increase in the population IV. Non-random mating

V. Natural Selection (3 Types)  Organisms best suited to their environment live to reproduce and pass on their genes  Acts on a phenotype  Varying types of selection

V. NON-RANDOM MATING  a. Artificial Selection- Humans choose desirable traits in animals to cause changes.

DISRUPTING GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM (CONT) Ch pp Warm-up 2/29: What are the 5 conditions for Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium? What is genetic equilibrium? Explain the equilibrium. What 5 conditions would disturb this genetic equilibrium?

Directional Selection Individuals with a more extreme form of trait have higher fitness Normal Distribution Distribution after Selection

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Stabilizing Selection Having average form of trait has highest fitness Normal Distribution Distribution after Selection

Disruptive Selection Individuals with any extreme trait has a higher fitness and most likely results in two new species Normal Distribution Distribution after Selection

Homework  Evidence For Evolution Packet  Analogous Structures p6 & Embryology p Due Monday (2/29)  Biogeography section and Map Due Tuesday (3/1)  Finish Evidence For Evolution Flipbook  Pages # 6-7 Due Tuesday (3/1)  Lab: Variation in a Population p11-13: Due Tuesday  Worksheet #3: Disrupting Equilibrium: Due Wednesday (3/2)  Evo 2 Study Guide: Due Thursday March 10

HW:  Due Mon: Read Do p320 #1-5 Due Mon  Due Tuesday: Vocab & Read p Do problem p 325 #2-5  Vocab (Tri-fold) for: Vocab Gene Flow Phylogeny/ phylogenic tree Genetic Drift Adaptive Radiation Stabilizing Selection Allele frequency Disruptive Selection Gene pool Directional Selection Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium Superposition

DISRUPTING GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM Ch pp Warm-up 2/21: Describe what happened with the gene pool with the mice from yesterdays video. (Min. 3 sentences & use as much Vocab as you can.) What are the five assumptions that must hold true to achieve genetic equilibrium?