Various Projections and Patterns

* Warm up Question: * Given a city with converging mass transit systems, where would the most expensive land be? Why?

* A city is a process - it is just a bunch of people making decisions about where to locate businesses and residences. * They make those decisions according to where they believe they will make the most money and attain the highest efficiency. * This is how supply and demand comes into play.

* Commercial Businesses need to be close to transportation routes * Businesses make money, so they can afford to pay more for real estate * Therefore, areas that are good for commercial business have the highest rents * Spatial Outcome: the “hot corner”

* These need to be on convenient sites, such as along railways or waterways * Industries make a lot of money, so they can afford to bid a lot on real estate * Therefore, industrial real estate is fairly expensive.

* Residences are not used to make money. * Therefore, people can’t afford to bid much for the real estate. * They are attracted to less dense, less accessible areas which are not bid on by commercial and industrial businesses * Because there is not commercial or industrial competition for the land, the prices are low.

* Which model does this remind you of??? * Think land rents vs. Land uses.

* A model is a way to describe a process. Sometimes multiple processes/models are happening simultaneously.

* The Mass Transit System * Cars and Highways

* Tends to be low density * Commercial real estate extremely valuable at “ground zero”: The convergence of all major mass transportation systems * Density sharply increases just outside of the CBD * Density then slowly decreases

* The city extends outward in a circular fashion * The highest income housing is furthest from the city. * Mass Transit builds the city.

* Mass transit lines build the city * Highest housing is closest to mass transit lines. * Involves “Filtering down”, or what I like to call the Donut Process. * Also known as the Hoyt Model

* Various things in the city develop: a port, heavy industry, retail district, etc. * Eventually they all grow together into a big amorphous blob. Like Monster Blood.

* This model accounts for the advent of the Car and highway system. * Metropolitan areas have become extremely disperse. * Key feature: Circumferential highways, dependent suburbs, functional nodes located at various locations. * People on the periphery almost never visit the CBD, but the periphery is still dependent on the core.

* Which of these models CAN’T apply to Dallas?

* #Segregation * #Zoning * #Suburbanization * #The decline of the central City * #Gentrification

* Cities are segregated by * Social status * Family Status * Ethnic Status

* Cities are very carefully zoned to ensure compatibility of land use. * This is not the case in Asia or many other developing regions. * ns/prosper/development/planning/Zoning16_5 x39_ pdf ns/prosper/development/planning/Zoning16_5 x39_ pdf

* What began suburbanization? Talk to partners.

* Began with Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka 1954 * Helped by construction of highways and cars * Also assisted by VA Loan program through FHA * Recently suburbs have become much less segregated – esp. w/ regard to ethnoburbs * New phenomenon: “edge city” Has more office workers/jobs than residents – Frisco is good example

* As people moved to the suburbs, so did jobs * Inner cities are often jobless zones – often called “brownfield sites”, the polluted, abandoned old factory districts of Northern cities especially * Lack of jobs = lack of tax revenue * Lack of tax revenue +increase in citizen neediness = financial insolvency for cities

* Wait, there’s a bunch of abandoned buildings in cool, old parts of central cities, near night life, museums, office buildings, and city parks???? * Guess who moves in????

* Young professional people love these areas because the rent is cheap, the architecture is beautiful, and old white people in the suburbs are generally terrified of these places due to unfounded fear of minority neighborhoods * Note: most young urban professionals (yuppies) are from the suburbs and therefore seeking a neighborhood that their parents will NEVER visit

* When I say “Oak Cliff”, what do you think?

* thbQlaMIc thbQlaMIc * Anybody play Settler’s of Catan?

* Emergency Taxes on Carbon * Desire of young people not to live in suburbs * Healthier Lifestyles * How will these effect the spatial realities in cities?

* Review: Draw and label each US city model. * Explain why the high rent areas, low rent areas, commercial and industrial areas are located where they are.

* Draw a Canadian city.

* Draw a Western European City.

* Draw an Eastern European City.

* Draw a Latin American City.