Noncoliform Lactose -Negative Enterics 9 조 이 진 발표 강동흠 자료조사,QUIZ 김준영 자료조사,QUIZ 강민주 자료조사 고나경 ppt 제작 김지윤 ppt 제작

CONTENTS Noncoliform Enterics Oxidase-Negative Salmonella Shigella Yersinia Oxidase-Positive Pasteurella Haemophillus

Noncoliform Non-lactose-fermenting or slow lactose-fermenting bacteria

Oxidase-Negative Opportunists - Proteus, Morganella, Providencia True pathogens - Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia

Opportunists & True Pathogens Opportunists - 기회감염세균 - 면역력이 약해졌을 때 병원성을 나타내는 세균 - Proteus, Morganella, Providencia True pathogens - 감염 시 질병을 유발하는 세균 - Salmonella, Shigella

Opportunists Widespread distribution, but harmless to a healthy individual. Proteus - wavelike swarming pattern in a moist agar Morganella Providencia UTI (urinary tract infection), wound infection, pneumonia, septicemia, and occasionally infant diarrhea

True Pathogens Well-developed virulence factors Primary pathogens Not being normal residents of humans Salmonella - S. typhi → Typhoid fever - Animal salmonelloses Shigella - Shigellosis Yersinia - enteric yersinia - non-enteric yersinia

Salmonella

Salmonella Flagella Grow readily on most laboratory media Survive outside the host in environments Resistant to bile and dyes Do not lose virulence after long-term artificial cultivation Cause salmonelloses - typhoid fever, animal salmonelloses

S. typhi Morphology - small, motile gram(-) rod Habitat - humans are the exclusive hosts Virulence factor - LPS endotoxin - enterotoxin - capsule (referred to as the Vi antigen) → increase infectivity - Antibiotic resistance Disease - Typhoid fever

Typhoid Fever Infection a.Water or food contaminated by feces b.enters alimentary canal c. adhere the mucosa of the small intestine → progressive and invasive infection & secrete enterotoxin → septicemia, ulceration

Typhoid Fever Symptoms rose spot abdominal pain fever diarrhea

Typhoid Fever Symptoms - septicemia, ulceration → hemorrhage → perforation, peritonitis - typhoid abscesses in the liver or urinary tract

Typhoid Fever Diagnosis - patient’s history and presenting symptoms, supported by a rising antibody titer - isolation of the S. typhi Prevention - oral vaccine, capsular polysaccharide vaccine Treatment - chloramphenicol, sulfa-trimethoprim

Animal Salmonelloses Nontyphoidal salmonelloses - Enteric fever, Salmonella food poisoning, Salmonella gastroenteritis - S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, S. cholerae-suis S. Paratyphi A, S. Paratyphi B, S. Paratyphi C - Normal intestinal flora in cattle, poultry, rodents, and reptiles → Zoonotic in origin

Animal Salmonelloses Infection routes - poorly cooked meat products and eggs - unpasteurized milk, ice cream, and cheese - food contaminated by rodent feces Drug-resistance of Salmonella - adding antibiotics to animal feeds

Animal Salmonelloses Symptoms - moderate fever, nausea - abdominal pain and cramps - diarrhea Diagnosis - Isolation the pathogen →cultivation on media - ELISA test - PCR

Animal Salmonelloses Prevention - good sanitation, sufficient cooking - water purification, pasteurization of milk, restriction of carriers from food handling Treatment - normally, recovery will be completed in a few days

Shigella

Shigella nonmotile nonencapsulated not fastidious not produce H ₂ S or urease oral route, direct person-to-person contact small infectious dose(200 cells) cause bacillary dysentery (Shigellosis) Sh. dysenteriae, Sh. sonnei Sh. flexneri, Sh. boydii

Shigella Shigella Virulence factors - endotoxin : cause fever - enterotoxin : inflammation of the gut wall layer, degeneration of the villi, local erosion → bleeding, heavy mucous secretion - shiga toxin (Sh. dysenteriae) : heat-labile exotoxin → injury to nerve cells & nerves damage to the intestine

Shigellosis Shigella infection routes - Food, fingers, flies, fomites - Direct person to person - Circumstance such as malnutrition, crowding, day care centers, military camps and prisons

Shigellosis Shigella infection 1. Shigella invades the villus cells of the large intestine 2. not as invasive as Salmonella 3. not perforate the intestine or invade the blood it enters the intestinal mucosa by means of lymphoid cells in Peyer's patches 4. Shigella stimulates inflammentary response

Shigella Diagnosis - isolation of pathogens Treatment - fluid replacement, ciprofloxacin & sulfa-trimethoprim (SxT), ampicillin, cephalosporin

Yersinia Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis - intestinal inhabitants of wild and domestic animals → enteric infections in humans Y. pestis

Q & A

QUIZ 1. What is not included in opportunists? ① Proteus ② Salmonella ③ Providencia ④ Morganella ⑤ none of above

QUIZ S. typhi ? 2. What is not virulence factor of S. typhi ? ① LPS endotoxin ② capsule (referred to as the Vi antigen) ③ antibiotic resistance ④ All of above ⑤ None of above

QUIZ 3. What is the symptoms of typhoid fever? ① rose spot ② abdominal Fever ③ abdominal pain ④ diarrhea ⑤ blood clot

QUIZ 4. What is not correct about Shigella? ① It is nonmotile ② It is nonencapsulated ③ It is fastidious ④ It is not producing H2S ⑤ It is not producing urease

QUIZ 5. What is not virulence factors of Shigellosis? ① Endotoxin ② Shiga toxin ③ Enterotoxin ④ Alpha toxin ⑤ None of above

QUIZ 6. What is the name of this dieases?  ________ are normal intestinal flora in cattle, poultry, rodents, and reptiles  _______ cause abdominal pain and cramps  ELISA test can be used to find __________ The answer is __________________

Reference

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