Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing”

Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing” Basic Characteristics Multicellular- cell level Aquatic environments, mostly marine Depend on water currents for food and oxygen Sessile adults-they can’t move (free swimming flagellated larvae) Heterotrophic filter feeder Respirations & Excretion carried through water No nervous System Most Monoecious, Reproduce Sexually(hermaphroditic) & Asexually Asymmetrical, some radial No organs or tissues, intracellular digestion, excretion and respiration by diffusion Exhibit Somatic Embryogenesis-

Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing” Special Adaptations Regeneration “collar cells” have flagella to filter food Large opening in top of sponge where water exits- Osculum Water flow Choanocyte Spicule Pore cell Pore Epidermal cell Archaeocyte Osculum Central cavity Pores

Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing” Make up coral reefs Protect land from waves Animal habitat Consumer products

Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing” For Example…. Euspongia - bath sponge Glass sponges Tube sponges Finger sponges carnivorous-sponge-looks-like-a-harp- video.htmlhttp:// carnivorous-sponge-looks-like-a-harp- video.html New Sponge discovered in Ca.

Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”

How do Jellyfish sting you?

Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells” Basic Characteristics Radial Symmetry sting and capture food Aquatic, mostly marine Two body forms Movement: Polyp= sessile, Medusa= free-swimming Asexual- budding Sexual reproduction- Monoecious and dioecious NO excretory or respiratory system Sense organs- Statocysts- balance Ocelli- photosensitive organ

Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells” Special Adaptations NEMATOCYSTS-stinging cells Coral= colonial Have nerve nets (network of nerve cells that allow it to detect stimuli)

Body Cavity Epidermis- outer layer of cells Gastrodermis- where digestion occurs Mesoglea- jelly-like, supports body(elastic skeleton) Jelly layer (Mesoglea) is about 95% water

Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells” The Good And the Bad Coral reefs-aquatic habitats Symbiotic relationships-Sea Anemone Can be deadly-Man O war, box jelly

Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells” For Example…. Hydra-Man O war Jellyfish Sea Anemone Coral

Phylum- Ctenophora Sea walnuts or comb jellies Free swimming and marine Has mouth and anal pore Usually two tentacles Contains a pharynx Has muscle cells (fibers) No stinging cells (Nematocysts)

Comb Jellies Sea Walnuts

4 classes Turbelarria- planarians- free living Trematoda- flukes- all parasitic Cestoda- tapeworms- intestinal parasites Monogenea- parasitic to fish

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms Basic Characteristics Symmetry: Bilateral Parasites (absorb), carnivores, scavengers Aquatic(fresh & salt), Terrestrial, within a host Reproduction: Asexual (REGENERATION) and sexual acoelomate -no body cavity CEPHALIZATION or a head with ganglia or small brain

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms For Example…. Non-parasitic planaria Parasitic Liver fluke Parasitic Tapeworm

= mouth & anus (detect light) PLANARIA

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms Special Adaptations One opening to digestive system, mouth rely on diffusion to get oxygen eyespots to detect light move by cilia and body muscle reproduce asexually by fission & regeneration and sexually by being hermaphrodites, contain both male & female parts

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms The Good And the Bad Free living flatworms often eat dead matter Flukes are parasitic flat worms Tapeworms, eat your digested food.

Schistosoma mansoni Most people have no symptoms when they are first infected. However, within days after becoming infected, they may develop a rash or itchy skin. Within 1-2 months of infection, symptoms may develop including fever, chills, cough, and muscle aches.

Pork and Beef Tapeworms Taenia saginata &T. solium. Typical symptoms of taeniasis include mild epigastric discomfort, nausea, flatulence, diarrhea, or hunger pains. In some instances, passage of tapeworm segments is perceptible. The most visible symptom of taeniasis is the active passing of proglottids through the anus and in the feces. In rare cases, proglottids may become lodged in the appendiceal lumen, or bile or pancreatic ducts.

Phylum Nematoda “roundworms”

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Basic Characteristics Symmetry: Bilateral Carnivores, Parasites, Scavengers Habitat: Aquatic, terrestrial, within a host, very diverse Reproduction: Sexual (internal fertilization)

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Special Adaptations Two body openings, mouth & anus Pseudocoelom-false body cavity Diffusion carries nutrients and wastes No circulatory system

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms The Good And the Bad Used in scientific research Phylum well know for parasite species Some parasite worms can clog blood vessels Other worms eat host digested food filarial worms Heartworms

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms For Example…. Hook worms Trichinosis Ascaris (Heartworms) C. Elegans

Ascaris lumbricoides Is the largest nematode (roundworm) parasitizing the human intestine. (Adult females: 20 to 35 cm; adult male: 15 to 30 cm.) People infected with Ascaris often show no symptoms. If symptoms do occur they can be light and include abdominal discomfort. Heavy infections can cause intestinal blockage and impair growth in children. Other symptoms such as cough are due to migration of the worms through the body.

Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”

Phylum Annelida “segmented worms” Basic Characteristics Symmetry: Bilateral Feeding: Carnivores, Scavengers, Parasites, very diverse Habitat: Terrestrial and Aquatic Reproduction: Mostly sexual (external fertilization for separate sexes), some species are hermaphroditic

Phylum Annelida “segmented worms” Special Adaptations Well-developed nervous system (brain and nerve cords Coelom-first to have true body cavity Closed circulatory system-does not rely on diffusion Hydrostatic Skeleton-longitudinal and circular muscles

Phylum Annelida “segmented worms” The Good And the Bad Decomposer, earthworms Medical uses, leeches Important part of food chain, terrestrial & aquatic

Phylum Annelida “segmented worms” For Example…. Earthworms Leeches Polychaetes, marines annelids

Germ Layers Ectoderm Nervous system, epidermis of the skin, pituitary, lens of eye Mesoderm Muscles, skeleton, notochord, circulatory system, kidney, reproductive system Endoderm Lining of digestive tract, liver, pancreas, epithelial lining of lungs, many endocrine glands FlatwormsRoundworms Segmented worms AcoelomatePseudocoelomateCoelomate

Earthworm Terminology Know the location and function of the following: Prostomium, Mouth, Brain, Pharynx, Seminal Vesicles, Seminal Receptacles, Aortic arch, Crop, Gizzard, Esophagus, Dorsal Vessel, Ventral Vessel, Intestine, Circular muscle, Longitudinal muscle, Setae, Ventral nerve cord, Monoecious, Hermaphroditic