HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management1 PP6: Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management Efi Georgiou

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management2 Objectives of PP6: Contribution to the reconstruction of the hydrological cycle in the CADSES Region on a GIS frame and estimation of water budgets Identification of the appropriate methodologies for the awareness and the Management of Natural risks Analysis of the water resources management of the Ionia Islands under extreme situations (flood and drought events) Training courses for technical personnel Installation and operation of the Telemetric hydro-meteorological stations and the monitor of extreme events in real time. Contribution to the development of a common and homogeneous data – base for the CADSES area Planning of possible extensions of the project to other European areas

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management3 Study Area: Kefalonia Island The island of Kefalonia is the biggest of the Ionian Islands

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management4 General Description of Kefalonia  The total area of the island is 808 Km 2  Geographically the island is split into two districts, the east which is intensely mountainous and the much smaller west which is mainly hilly  The maximum elevation is 1628 m  The coasts of Kefalonia form many bays and land masses  Of particular interest are the caves of the island, for example the precipitous Melissani, Agalaki, Saint Theodoron, Zervati, Drogarati, Sakou, etc  The climate of Kefalonia is Mediterranean with high relative humidity and great annual and monthly precipitation  The mean annual precipitation of Kefalonia is 1000 mm

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management5 ACTION 2.6 Extension of the drought bulletin and thematic maps, defined in the INTERREG IIC framework only for the objective 1 Italian regions, to the CADSES area and development of the statistical drought forecas. Month of startMonth of end 01/200612/2007 PP6 contributes to this action by creating thematic maps for the Kefalonia Island with the use of GIS PP6 has collected and elaborated all the available meteorological data of the study area and has selected some indicative draught indices

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management6 Thematic map

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management7 Draught indices 1.Dry index of De Martone 2.Dry index of Pinna 3.Reconnaissance Drought Index, RDI in which Pij and PETij are the precipitation and potential evapotranspiration of the jth month of the ith year, starting from October as it is customary for Mediterranean countries. N is the total number of years of the data and in which: Pε and Τε the mean annual precipitation and air temperature and Pξ and Τξ the precipitation and air temperature of the driest month

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management8 ACTION 2.7 Month of startMonth of end 04/200612/2007 Review of the existing hydro-meteorological data for the area interested by the project. Definition of common and efficient techniques for the hydro-meteorological analysis and interpretation of data coming from different but complementary sources. PP6 contributes to this action by organizing the Conference of HydroCare on 18-19/1/07 in Athens PP6 contributes to this action by organizing the Conference of HydroCare on 18-19/1/07 in Athens 1 st day: the internal part - the assembly of partners (technical/financial) 2 nd day: dissemination conference & workshop in the afternoon

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management9 ACTION 2.9 Purchase, installation and operation of Telemetering hydrometeorological stations for monitoring of extreme phenomena in real time. Related training activities. Month of startMonth of end 04/200612/2007 PP6 contributes to this action by helping PP7 to purchase, install and operate 3 telemetering hydrometeorological stations for the monitoring of meteorological data PP6 contributes to this action by helping PP7 to purchase, install and operate 3 telemetering hydrometeorological stations for the monitoring of meteorological data

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management10 Sensors of a hydro-meteorological station 1.Anemometer and windvane 2.Pyrheliometer 3.Pyranometer 4.Solar panel 5.Air temperature sensor 6.Radiometer 7.Data logger 8.Secondary rain-gauge 9.Primary rain-gauge Each one of the stations is equipped with sensors that monitor the weather conditions (precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, wind and radiation), the data logger for the data recording, the transmission system, and finally the energy supply unit

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management11 The sitting of the stations was based on the following criteria:  Meteorological, as the low barometric systems arrive from west, south- west and north-west direction  Elevation, to record the increased amounts of precipitation in high-land areas  Security, accessibility and infrastructure facilities  Topographical, according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) regulations ( The stations are placed on land with even slopes, far from trees or buildings and relieved from local atmospherical turbulences)

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management12 The effectiveness of the rainfall measuring stations depends on the quality and kind of the instruments, but moreover on the correct placement of the stations Kefalonia Island was separated in three different hypsometrical zones: Zone A: m Zone A: m Zone B: m Zone B: m Zone C: >500 m Zone C: >500 m

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management13 Final selection of three meteorological stations For the investigation of events in a local scale, each station must cover an area of 10 km 2 at maximum

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management14 Installation of three meteorological stations 1.A rgostoli 2.M ountain Ainos 3.M onastery Themata From the beginning of December 2006, the three aforementioned hydrometeorological stations started to operate and all the data have been collected and entered in a Data Base

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management15 Design of Data Base The main aspects considered in the design of the data base were the following: (a) Data reliability, integrity and availability (b) Data security and database performance (c) Friendly user interface

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management16 Data Manipulation and Processing Formation of primary timeseries Storing of raw data Automatic checking Formation of derived timeseries ASCII files Primary timeseries Stage 1 Derived timeseries Stage 2 Stage 3 Time consistency check Range check – detection of false measurements Updating of final users Report file The ASCII files from the stations data loggers are transmitted and stored to the main server, via mobile telephonic network

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management17 The processing of point measurements includes the following procedures:  Range and time consistency checks  Conversion of irregular to a strictly regular time step  Detection of missing or false values  Aggregation and generation of derived time series

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management18 ACTION 2.10 Reconstruction of the hydrological cycle in the NUTS II region GR22 on a GIS frame. Month of startMonth of end 07/200606/2007 PP6 contributes to this action by reconstructing the hydrological cycle of the Kefalonia Island. From the beginning of this action until now PP6 has calculated the annual and monthly water balances in the selected water basins of the island. PP6 contributes to this action by reconstructing the hydrological cycle of the Kefalonia Island. From the beginning of this action until now PP6 has calculated the annual and monthly water balances in the selected water basins of the island. Till the end of the action, PP6 will reconstruct hydrological cycle on a GIS frame Till the end of the action, PP6 will reconstruct hydrological cycle on a GIS frame

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management19 Main Watersheds  Determination of the four representative water basins of the island  Definition of hydrological parameters for every watershed

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management20 River Network  Determination of water networks  Definition of characteristics of water network for every watershed

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management21 Water Balances Estimation of all the necessary parameters of the water balances  Estimation of all the necessary parameters of the water balances  Calculation of annually and monthly water balances  Estimation of annually and monthly outflows of every basin

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management22 ACTION 3.9 Month of startMonth of end 01/200612/2006 Collection, analysis and elaboration of the existing hydrological data of the NUTS II region GR22 (Ionian islands). Identification of appropriate methodologies for the assessment and management of the natural risks. PP6 contributes to this action with the collection, analysis and elaboration of the existing hydrological data of Argostoli Station (capital of Kefalonia island) and many other stations that are located near to the island and have similar climate conditions PP6 contributes to this action with the collection, analysis and elaboration of the existing hydrological data of Argostoli Station (capital of Kefalonia island) and many other stations that are located near to the island and have similar climate conditions

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management23 Data Collection  Collection, analysis and elaboration of the existing hydrological data such as precipitation, air temperature, humidity, wind speed etc.  Collection, analysis and elaboration of the existing groundwater data  Creation of a data-base

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management24 Data Analysis Control of homogeneity and completion of historical data that present lacks Control of homogeneity and completion of historical data that present lacks Estimation of the factor of cross- correlation Estimation of the factor of cross- correlation Areal integration of rainfalls and temperatures Areal integration of rainfalls and temperatures Correlation of rainfall with altitude Correlation of rainfall with altitude

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management25 ACTION 4.1 Month of startMonth of end 08/200609/2007 Investigation of the relationship of hydro-meteorological data with the water resources in main Ionian Islands. Analysis of the water resources management of the islands under extreme situations (flood and drought events) PP6 contributes to this action by analyzing the water resources of the catchments under i) Average conditions & ii) Drought conditions PP6 contributes to this action by analyzing the water resources of the catchments under i) Average conditions & ii) Drought conditions Till the end of this action, PP6 will contribute by performing statistical analysis to the meteorological parameters (precipitation, temperature) Till the end of this action, PP6 will contribute by performing statistical analysis to the meteorological parameters (precipitation, temperature)

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management26 The objective is to map the surface water resources as long as the groundwater aquifers in terms of quantity and quality, to trace the technical and geomorphological difficulties that are predominant on the island and to suggest ways to overcome all potential problems. Objective

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management27 There are two detention basins for water supply and irrigation, but generally the exploitation of surface water of the island is limited Surface water resources

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management28 Hydrogeological status of Kefalonia  Geological substance consists of calcareous formations  In the calcareous rock are generated aquifers  The main feature is the karst phenomenon, which determines the condition of the aquifers in the island  Many hydrogeological units of the island are open, from one or more sites, to the sea  The sea water penetrates in the internal of the island in great distance  In many cases sweat water is polluted by salty water

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management29 ACTION 5.1 Month of startMonth of end 01/200612/2007 Organization of conferences and seminars during the project duration to disseminate the obtained results. Preparation of publications both in paper and multimedia formats. Development and maintenance of a web-site containing all the information regarding the project PP6 contributes to this action by organizing public events PP6 contributes to this action by organizing public events On 14/4/2006, PP6 in cooperation with PP7 organized a workshop in Argostoli for the dissemination of HydroCare project and for the discussion with local authorities the problem of water resources management of Kefalonia Island On 14/4/2006, PP6 in cooperation with PP7 organized a workshop in Argostoli for the dissemination of HydroCare project and for the discussion with local authorities the problem of water resources management of Kefalonia Island

HYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCAREHYDROCARE PP6 - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Management30 Thank you for your attention!