Age of Reform

Definition- A movement to fix or improve something that is corrupt (evil/bad) Major movements: Second Great Awakening… (led to) Prison Reform/ Mentally Ill Education Reform Abolitionist Movement Women’s Rights Movement Temperance

Henry David Thoreau Author of Civil Disobedience and Walden. Practiced Civil Disobedience by not paying taxes in protest of the US-Mexican War (supported extension of slavery) Definition- becoming in touch with your inner self and nature.

Definition- renewed sense of strong religious feelings *Methodists, Baptists, and Protestants all held outdoor religious services Focus-emphasized the ability of each person to achieve salvation (get to heaven). Significance- Used mass communication to reach a large group of people. (rallies, newspapers, pamphlets) Changes in beliefs led to the reform movements=People who wanted to change America for the better

Dorthea Dix

Dorothea Dix- leader who advocated (wanted) prison reform and fair treatment for the mentally ill. Conditions- Many mentally ill patients were locked in prisons in unheated rooms, chained to their beds, underfed, slept on stone floors, and beaten into obedience. Reform- some states established separate buildings to house people with mental disorders.

Conditions- most American children received little formal schooling. They were forced to work or steal to survive Wealthy children were taught reading, writing, and arithmetic by a private tutor.

Reforms- Horace Mann- fought to provide FREE public elementary school to every child. He also thought school should be compulsory (required) He also introduced the first schools to train teachers Believed women and African Americans should be included in education

Children had to become good citizens. Learn to read, write and math. Develop good moral character. Business owners wanted their workers to be.. Honest On time Hard working Parents wanted their children to have a better life. When you don’t have an education, you become a slave to those who do “Education was Only for a few, not for all!! A republic can’t survive without informed voters”

Definition- This movement was aimed at abolishing (getting rid of) slavery.

William Lloyd Garrison Author of an Abolitionists newspaper called The Liberator Promoted immediate emancipation of slaves Also argued for woman’s suffrage movement

Frederick Douglass Worked with Lincoln to gain emancipation of all slaves Escaped slave who was taught to read and write Gave speeches in front of large crowds telling about his life as a slave Leader of the anti-slavery movement Famous writings about his life as a slave Worked with Lincoln to gain emancipation of all slaves.

Escaped slavery with her infant child First black woman to win a court case against a white man Fought for the rights of women and African Americans Recruited African American soldiers for the Union Army during the Civil Sojourner Truth

Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin – a novel depicting the evils of slavery Brought the evils of slavery to life for people who had never seen it It has never gone out of print and is the most famous novel about slavery Harriet Beecher Stowe

Escaped slave who helped develop and run the Underground Railroad Tubman returned 19 times even though the south put a bounty on her head. She helped free 300 slaves. Definition- secret routes and safe houses that offered helped to runaway slaves. The people offering to help them were often risking their lives, freedom, and money. Harriet Tubman

Definition- the movement to reform women’s rights, especially the right to vote.

Women protested, gave speeches, wrote articles…

Women got the right to vote with the 19th Amendment!! Over time women also received the right to go to college, get high paying jobs & earn money.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton- Author of the Declaration of Sentiments Fought for women’s rights Susan B. Anthony Became an anti-slavery and women’s rights activist at the age of 27 Was arrested for voting and refused to pay the fine Presented the 19 th amendment to Congress

Definition- The first National Women’s rights convention Called for- Equal Rights for Women and the Vote Date- July 19-20, 1848 Purpose- Convention to call National attention to the rights of women and the need for them to be able to vote Leaders- Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Declaration of Sentiments – list of resolutions modeled after the Declaration of Independence. It declared men and women equal.

Definition- the reform movement to stop the drinking of alcohol. Goal: make it illegal to buy, sell, or produce alcohol

WHY??? The Second Great Awakening- it was “morally wrong” Women's rights movement- Women were tired of their husbands being drunk and felt that it led to domestic abuse

IMPACT: The American Temperance Society Eventually a Constitutional Amendment was added making the sale, consumption and procession of alcohol illegal Prohibition – 18th amendment in 1920 This was repealed – 21st Amendment in 1933 Advocates: WOMEN! Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton