What is a Plant? Plants are multicellular, autotrophic, organisms that have cell walls made of cellulose. They also contain chloroplasts used to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis. The lives of plants center around the need for water, nutrients, and sunlight.

VASCULAR TISSUE: XYLEM AND PHLOEM XYLEMPHLOEM Conducts water and transports it from the roots to different parts of the plant. Transports sugars in order for the plant to survive. Considered to be vascular tissues that are dead at maturity. Is a vascular tissue that is living at maturity. Transports water and minerals up. Transports sugars down.

ROOT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Roots absorb water and minerals. They also anchor the plant into the soil. Root hairs increase the surface area of the root so the plant can take in more water.

TYPES OF ROOTS Fibrous Root- root is spread wide, many little string roots Tap Root- root is mainly one piece Can you identify the fibrous root and tap root?

STEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Stems are the section of a plant that connects roots to leaves. Xylem is transported UP and Phloem is transported down. Some plants have sturdy stems to prevent the plant from falling over. Some stems are soft, like grass so the plant can lie down along the ground. Red= Xylem Green = Phloem

STEMS Modified Stems - Tubers- Potato -Rhizome- Ginger

LEAF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION The leaf is the main location of photosynthesis. Plants absorb sunlight. The mesophyll layer of the leaf has MANY chloroplast. The Vein has xylem and phloem. This is where the water comes from the roots for photosynthesis to happen. This is also where sugars are made and transported down to the stem and roots to give nutrition to the plant. The stomata is an air space where carbon dioxide enters and oxygen leaves. It is protected by guard cells.

LEAF ADAPTATIONS Some plants have specialized leaves for performing tasks – Tendrils- help vines climb – Needles- reduce surface area of leaf, provide protection – Thick Cuticle Desert- prevents drying out Rainforest- prevents mold growth by making water run off the leaf Some plants have tissues in different places. – Where would the stomata be on a lily pad?

LEAVES WE EAT

LEAF PEEL Look at the leaf peel. We see many guard cells. Many are closed, but some may be open. Draw a few that you see.

GYMNOSPERMS AND ANGIOSPERMS Gymno= Naked Sperm= Seed Pine, Juniper, Cypress Angio= Vessel, Container, Covered Sperm= Seed All Flowering Plants

MONOCOTS AND DICOTS: Flowering Plants

Which is a Monocot? Which is a Dicot?

TROPISMS A plant response is called a tropism – Phototropism- plants respond to light (photo) – Gravitropism- plant responds to gravity (roots down, stems up) – Thigmotropism- plant responds to touch Identify the plant responses in your packet