Step Up To: Psychology by John J. Schulte, Psy.D. From Myers, Psychology 8e Worth Publishers

Chapter 3: Nature & Nurture Designer Genes Evolve You’re one of a kind ‘Wish you were here’ Cats & Dogs

Designer Genes

Evolve

You’re one of a kind

‘Wish you were here’

Cats & Dogs

1. The threadlike structures that contain genes are called: A) synapses. B) schemas. C) chromosomes. D) neurotransmitters.

2. Every human blood cell has : A) 23 pairs of chromosomes. B) 23 chromosomes. C) 46 pairs of chromosomes. D) 46 genes.

3. Chromosomes are composed of: A) schemas. B) synapses. C) neurotransmitters. D) deoxyribonucleic acid.

4. The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits which have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of: A) gender-typing. B) natural selection. C) behavior genetics. D) gender schema theory.

5.Genes are to chromosomes as _____ are to ______. A) words; letters B) books; letters C) words; books D) books; words

6. Dmitry Belyaev and Lyudmilla Trut successfully domesticated wild foxes by means of: A) cloning. B) gender typing. C) selective mating. D) gene splicing.

7. According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success are likely to be: A) socially prohibited. B) genetically predisposed. C) ecologically disruptive. D) disease-producing.

8. Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted: A) reproductive success. B) personal happiness. C) cultural diversity. D) genetic mutations.

9. The main criticism of evolutionary psychologists is that: A) they don’t consider the role of the unconscious. B) they interpret human behavior in terms of natural selection. C) they base their theories on flawed hypotheses. D) they start with an effect and work backward to an explanation.

10. The principles of evolutionary psychology would suggest that parents are genetically predisposed to experience the strongest grief over the deaths of their: A) infant sons. B) infant daughters. C) adolescent sons. D) adolescent daughters.

11. Our enduring personality traits are first apparent by our differing: A) memes. B) gender schemas. C) temperaments. D) reproductive capacities.

12. Research most clearly suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by ____ than by ____. A) genes; home environment. B) home environment; genes. C) genes; peer influence. D) home environments; peer influence.

13. Adoptive parents are most likely to influence the ____ of their adopted children. A) gender identity. B) extraversion. C) temperament. D) political attitudes.

14. A child’s temperament is likely to be: A) difficult to observe. B) stable over time. C) a product of parenting style. D) a reflection of their gender schemas.

15. Genetic influences on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing ____ with ____. A) identical twins raised together; identical twins raised apart B) fraternal twins raised together; fraternal twins raised apart C) identical twins raised together; fraternal twins raised together D) fraternal twins raised apart; identical twins raised together

16. A stimulating environment is most likely to facilitate the development of a child’s: A) nucleotides. B) genome. C) temperament. D) neural connections.

17. The practice of covering your mouth when you cough best illustrates the impact of: A) genetic predispositions. B) norms. C) roles. D) gender schemas.

18. Children’s English accents are more likely to be influenced by their ___ than by their ____. A) peers; parents B) temperament; gender C) X chromosome; Y chromosome D) heredity; environment

19. In which of the following countries do people generally prefer to maintain the largest personal space? A) France B) England C) Mexico D) Saudi Arabia

20. Carl and Shirley are both mentally retarded because their mothers drank heavily during their embryonic development. This best illustrates the potentially harmful influence of: A) natural selection. B) genetic coding. C) prenatal environments. D) infant temperaments.

21. Evolutionary psychologists suggest that when compared to women, men are ____ concerned with maintaining a youthful appearance and _____ concerned with achieving social power. A) more; more B) less; less C) more; less D) less; more

22. In comparison to 40 years ago, today American women are more likely to marry for the sake of: A) economic advantage. B) love. C) reproductive success. D) gender identity.

23. T 23. The theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly is: A) gender schema theory. B) social learning theory. C) gender identity theory. D) gender role theory.

24. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute gender differences in attitudes toward casual sex to the fact that men have ____ than do women. A) larger bodies B) stronger gender identity C) a weaker sense of morality D) greater reproductive potential

25. Mr. Renaldo frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries. Mr. Renaldo’s contribution to the gender-typing of his children would most likely be of interest to: A) twin studies. B) adoption studies. C) social learning theorists. D) evolutionary psychologists.

Stop here, or continue as a review

1. The threadlike structures that contain genes are called: A) synapses. B) schemas. C) chromosomes. D) neurotransmitters. 96

2. Every human blood cell has : A) 23 pairs of chromosomes. B) 23 chromosomes. C) 46 pairs of chromosomes. D) 46 genes. 96

3. Chromosomes are composed of: A) schemas. B) synapses. C) neurotransmitters. D) deoxyribonucleic acid. 96

4. The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits which have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of: A) gender-typing. B) natural selection. C) behavior genetics. D) gender schema theory. 108

5.Genes are to chromosomes as _____ are to ______. A) words; letters B) books; letters C) words; books D) books; words 96

6. Dmitry Belyaev and Lyudmilla Trut successfully domesticated wild foxes by means of: A) cloning. B) gender typing. C) selective mating. D) gene splicing. 108

7. According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success are likely to be: A) socially prohibited. B) genetically predisposed. C) ecologically disruptive. D) disease-producing. 109

8. Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted: A) reproductive success. B) personal happiness. C) cultural diversity. D) genetic mutations. 109

9. The main criticism of evolutionary psychologists is that: A) they don’t consider the role of the unconscious. B) they interpret human behavior in terms of natural selection. C) they base their theories on flawed hypotheses. D) they start with an effect and work backward to an explanation. 113

10. The principles of evolutionary psychology would suggest that parents are genetically predisposed to experience the strongest grief over the deaths of their: A) infant sons. B) infant daughters. C) adolescent sons. D) adolescent daughters. 111

11. Our enduring personality traits are first apparent by our differing: A) memes. B) gender schemas. C) temperaments. D) reproductive capacities. 102

12. Research most clearly suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by ____ than by ____. A) genes; home environment. B) home environment; genes. C) genes; peer influence. D) home environments; peer influence. 102

13. Adoptive parents are most likely to influence the ____ of their adopted children. A) gender identity. B) extraversion. C) temperament. D) political attitudes. 116

14. A child’s temperament is likely to be: A) difficult to observe. B) stable over time. C) a product of parenting style. D) a reflection of their gender schemas. 102

15. Genetic influences on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing ____ with ____. A) identical twins raised together; identical twins raised apart B) fraternal twins raised together; fraternal twins raised apart C) identical twins raised together; fraternal twins raised together D) fraternal twins raised apart; identical twins raised together 104

16. A stimulating environment is most likely to facilitate the development of a child’s: A) nucleotides. B) genome. C) temperament. D) neural connections. 114

17. The practice of covering your mouth when you cough best illustrates the impact of: A) genetic predispositions. B) norms. C) roles. D) gender schemas. 120

18. Children’s English accents are more likely to be influenced by their ___ than by their ____. A) peers; parents B) temperament; gender C) X chromosome; Y chromosome D) heredity; environment 117

19. In which of the following countries do people generally prefer to maintain the largest personal space? A) France B) England C) Mexico D) Saudi Arabia 120

20. Carl and Shirley are both mentally retarded because their mothers drank heavily during their embryonic development. This best illustrates the potentially harmful influence of: A) natural selection. B) genetic coding. C) prenatal environments. D) infant temperaments. 114

21. Evolutionary psychologists suggest that when compared to women, men are ____ concerned with maintaining a youthful appearance and _____ concerned with achieving social power. A) more; more B) less; less C) more; less D) less; more 110

22. In comparison to 40 years ago, today American women are more likely to marry for the sake of: A) economic advantage. B) love. C) reproductive success. D) gender identity. 114

23. T 23. The theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly is: A) gender schema theory. B) social learning theory. C) gender identity theory. D) gender role theory. 132

24. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute gender differences in attitudes toward casual sex to the fact that men have ____ than do women. A) larger bodies B) stronger gender identity C) a weaker sense of morality D) greater reproductive potential 111

25. Mr. Renaldo frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries. Mr. Renaldo’s contribution to the gender-typing of his children would most likely be of interest to: A) twin studies. B) adoption studies. C) social learning theorists. D) evolutionary psychologists. 131

Acknowledgements Step Up Created by: –John J. Schulte, Psy.D. Based on Psychology, Eighth Edition by David Myers Published by Worth Publishers, 2006

Answers Chapter 3 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.C 21.D 22.B 23.A 24.D 25.C