SKELETAL SYSTEM

How does it work? Consists of 206 bones and connective tissues Consists of 206 bones and connective tissues Connective tissues Cushions bones Cushions bones Attaches bone to bone Attaches bone to bone Attaches bone to muscle Attaches bone to muscle Smallest bone = inner ear (.25cm) Largest bone = thigh bone (femur)

Functions To provide support for the body Protect internal tissues and organs Framework for attached muscles Movement of limbs/digits Produce new red & white blood cells Store fat and minerals

Bones Outer layer – hard, densely packed compact bone Spongy bone – less dense, filled with red bone marrow where blood cells are produced Yellow marrow – stores fat

Shapes Long bones flat bones flat bones short bones irregular irregular bones bones

Connective Tissue Cartilage – strong, flexible connective tissue Ossification – process by which bone if formed, renewed or repaired Ligament – Attaches bone to bone Tendon – Attaches muscle to bone

Joints Points at which bones meet Ball-and-socket joints- formed when a rounded head of one bone fits into the rounded cavity of an jointed bone. Hinge joints-would include elbow, knee, ankle, and fingers. Allows bone to bend and straighten Pivot joints- allow limited rotation or turning of the head Ellipsoidal joints- bone in wrist, and a oval shaped part that fits in a curved space, the joints slide over each other

Caring for the skeletal system Foods high in calcium, Vitamin D and phosphorus help prevent skeletal disorders Scoliosis – a lateral or side to side curvature of the spine

Skeletal Problems Fractures – any break in a bone Hairline fractures- is where the fracture incomplete Transverse fracture- a fracture that is completely across the bone Comminuted fracture- is were the bone shatters into more than two pieces.

Joint Injuries Dislocation- is when the ligaments attached to the bone are torn or out of place Torn cartilage- is a sharp blow or twisting of the joint Arthritis- inflammation of the joint and is a result of natural wear and tear Bursitis – inflammation of bursa (fluid filled sacs that reduces friction at joints Bunions – swelling of bursa in first joint of the big toe

Your bones continue to grow in length and thickness until approximately age 25 Your bones continue to grow in length and thickness until approximately age 25 Osteoporosis- is a condition in which progressive loss of bone tissue occurs - bones become weak and brittle due to aging. - bones become weak and brittle due to aging. Calcium, Vitamin D, phosphorus and physical activity

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