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Chapter Menu Introduction Section 1: Section 1: Mainland Southeast Asia Section 2: Section 2: Island Southeast Asia Visual Summary

Chapter Intro 1 Southeast Asia’s location at the crossroads of vital trade routes, as well as its culturally diverse population, make it an important part of the global community.

Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: Mainland Southeast Asia Cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth’s surface. Settlement patterns and regional conflicts have influenced the cultures of mainland Southeast Asia.

Chapter Intro 3 Section 2: Island Southeast Asia The characteristics and distribution of cultures influence human systems. Indigenous and outside cultures have had an enormous influence on island Southeast Asia.

Chapter Preview-End

Section 1-GTR Mainland Southeast Asia This section describes the influences on settlement patterns and conflicts in mainland Southeast Asia.

Section 1-GTR primate city Mainland Southeast Asia buffer state martial law wat channel maritime sphere of influencesphere of influence instituted

Section 1-GTR A.Cambodia Mainland Southeast Asia B.Vietnam C.Thailand D.Myanmar (Burma) E.Laos F.Bangkok G.Gulf of Thailand H.Angkor Wat

A.A B.B C.C Section 1 How many years have humans lived in Southeast Asia? A.Hundreds of years B.Thousands of years C.Tens of thousands of years Mainland Southeast Asia

Section 1 Migrations and conflicts have shaped population patterns of mainland Southeast Asia. Population Patterns The people: –Khmers –Mons Southeast Asia: Population Density

Section 1 –Burmans –Thai –Lao Population Patterns (cont.)

Section 1 Population Patterns (cont.) Density and distribution: –Population is concentrated in fertile river valleys or on coastal plains. –Vietnam—highest population density –Laos—lowest population density –Many people are moving to cities. Urban Population Growth

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Which of the following cities has had the most population growth? A.Bangkok B.Hanoi C.Phnom Penh D.Yangon

Section 1 Ancient histories and modern political conflicts in mainland Southeast Asia continue to shape the region. History and Government Early civilizations: –Highly skilled farmers –Metalworkers

Section 1 History and Government (cont.) Kingdoms and empires: –Many civilizations in early Southeast Asia developed on waterways or around strategic ports. –Kingdom of Funan –Khmer Empire—Angkor Wat temple –Vietnamese people controlled most of the Indochina Peninsula until 111 B.C. Southeast Asia: Kingdoms, A.D. 100–1300s

Section 1 History and Government (cont.) Later history: –1500s—Europeans arrived to trade, spread Christianity, and claim territory. –1900s—Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, and the U.S. changed the face of Southeast Asia. –1954—Vietnam War

Section 1 History and Government (cont.) –1965—every country in the region was independent. –1975—the Khmer Rouge took over Cambodia.

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Which kingdom served as a buffer state and divided British from French-ruled territories? A.Funan B.Siam C.Khmer Empire D.Khmer Rouge

Section 1 Mainland Southeast Asia today reflects the many generations of cultures in the region. Culture Education—since 1945, literacy has increased dramatically in some parts of the subregion, and educational opportunities are improving. Health care—inadequate and unevenly distributed

Section 1 Culture (cont.) Language—most of the languages stem from two major language families: –Sino-Tibetan and Mon-Khmer Religion—Buddhism predominates Arts—Indian and Chinese civilizations have influenced the arts.

A.A B.B Section 1 Nearly all of the world’s major religions are represented in mainland Southeast Asia. A.True B.False

Section 1-End

Section 2-GTR Island Southeast Asia This section describes the cultural influences on the region of island Southeast Asia.

Section 2-GTR urbanization Island Southeast Asia concept granted

Section 2-GTR A.Malaysia Island Southeast Asia B.Indonesia C.Brunei D.Singapore E.Java F.Jakarta G.Strait of Malacca H.Sunda Strait I.PhilippinesJ.East Timor

A.A B.B C.C Section 2 Can you name some ways that mainland Southeast Asia is different from Island Southeast Asia? A.Many ways B.Some ways C.No ways Island Southeast Asia

Section 2 Population patterns in island Southeast Asia have been shaped by migration and trade. Population Patterns The people: –Various ethnic groups –Malays

Section 2 Population Patterns (cont.) Influence by traders: –Indian—introduced Hindu and Buddhist culture –Chinese –Arabs—introduced Islam –European

Section 2 Population Patterns (cont.) Density and distribution: –Most people live on coastal plains. –Singapore has the greatest population density. –Many people are migrating to the cities. Indonesia: Population and Migration

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Which of the following countries was not heavily influenced by Chinese traders? A.Brunei B.Malaysia C.Indonesia D.Singapore

Section 2 The location of Southeast Asia’s islands has played an important role in the region’s history. History and Government Early history: –Srivijaya Empire controlled the seas in the area until the 1300s. –Indians and Muslim Arab merchants and missionaries shaped the region as well. Southeast Asia: Trade Routes, A.D. 100s–1300s

Section 2 History and Government (cont.) European countries colonized Southeast Asia beginning in the early 1900s. Japanese occupation followed colonization. In some countries, ethnic groups have waged struggles for independence.

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Which of the following countries has a democratic government? A.The Philippines B.East Timor C.Singapore D.All of the above

Section 2 Its location at the crossroads of important trade routes brought various cultural influences to island Southeast Asia that continue to shape the subregion today. Culture Education—since independence, education levels and quality of life have increased. Health care—health care is better on the islands than on the mainland.

Section 2 Culture (cont.) Language—250 distinct languages in Indonesia alone Religion—Islam is widespread on the islands; others may follow Catholicism, Confucianism, or Daoism. The arts—Indian and Chinese influence; traditional dances; puppet plays

Section 2 Culture (cont.) Leisure and celebrations—badminton and soccer; Chinese New Year, Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Which of the following is the literacy rate in Indonesia and Malaysia? A.60% B.75% C.88% D.93%

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VS 1 People and Cultural Influences Southeast Asia is a culturally diverse region. Its location along major trading routes caused the people of Southeast Asia to be influenced by a wide variety of cultures. Arab traders brought Islam to the region, and Indian traders brought Hinduism and Buddhism. The Chinese influenced Vietnam’s system of writing and government. European traders and colonists brought new spices.

VS 2 European Colonialization Southeast Asia’s location along the trading routes made the area appealing for European colonists. The British, Dutch, French, Portuguese, Spanish, and the United States all had territories in Southeast Asia. The only country in the region that was not colonized was Siam. Today Siam is Thailand.

VS 3 Governments Today Southeast Asia has a variety of forms of government. The Philippines, Indonesia, and Singapore are all democracies, although the Philippine government has struggled with corruption. Laos and Vietnam are both Communist states. Brunei, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Thailand are all constitutional monarchies. The monarchs have varying levels of power. The Sultan of Brunei has almost complete power, while Cambodia’s king is limited by a democratically elected legislature.

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DFS Trans 1 Obeying the 1973 law passed by Congress, the U.S. military did not intervene in 1974 when North Vietnam violated the Paris Peace Accords. After the U.S. military failed to respond, the North Vietnamese began the campaign to capture Saigon in 1975.

DFS Trans 2

Vocab1 primate city a city that dominates a country’s economy, culture, and government and in which population is concentrated; usually the capital

Vocab2 maritime concerned with travel or shipping by sea

Vocab3 sphere of influence area of a country in which a foreign power has political or economic control

Vocab4 buffer state neutral territory between rival powers

Vocab5 martial law control and policing of civilians by military rules

Vocab6 wat in Southeast Asia, a temple

Vocab7 urbanization the movement of people from rural areas into cities

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